EXTENT OF THE YNCA EMPIRE. 427 



selves, having some cliiefe men whom the vulgar did re- 1&amp;lt;il: 

 spect, nnd sometimes, though not often, some of them 

 assemble together about matters of importance to consult 

 what they should thinke necessary. The thirde kinde of - 

 government is altogether barbarous, composed of Indians 

 without law, without King, and without any certaine place 

 of abode, but go in troupes like savage beasts. As farre 

 as I can conceive, the first inhabitants of the Indies were 

 of this kinde, as at this day a great part of the Bresillians, 

 Chin guanas, Chunchos, Yscaycingas, Pilcorones, and the 

 greatest part of the Floridians, and all the Chichiinecos in 

 New Spaine. Of this kind the other sort of government by 

 Comminalties was framed by the industrie and wisedome of 

 some amongst them, in which there is some more order, 

 holding a more staied place, as at this day those of Arau- 

 cano, and of Tucapel in Chile, and in the new kingdome 

 of Granada, the Moscas, and the Otomites in New Spaine; 

 and in all these there is lesse fiercenes and incivilitie, and 

 much more quiet then in the rest. Of this kinde, by the 

 valure and knowledge of some excellent men, grew the 

 other government more mightie and potent, which did in 

 stitute a Kingdome and Monarchic. It appeares by their 

 registers, that their government hath continued above three 

 hundred yeares, but not fully foil re, although their Seig- 

 niorie for a long time was not above five or six leagues 

 compassc about the Citty of Cusco. Their originall and 

 beginning was in the valley of Cusco, where by little and 

 little they conquered the lands which we called Peru, pass 

 ing beyond Quito, vnto the river of Pasto towardes the 

 North, stretching even vnto Chile towardes the South, 

 which is almost a thousand leagues in length. It extended 

 in breadth vnto the South Sea towardes the west, and vnto 

 the great champains which are on the other side of the 

 Andes, where at this day is to be scene the castell which is 

 called the Pucara nf the Ynca, the which is a fortresse 



