CHAP TEE XX. 



Town of St Andrews. Decline of its trade. Its climate. Use of 

 mussel-mud and sea-ware as manures. Winds at St Andrews. 

 Importance of meteorology to agriculture. Effects of spring frosts. 

 Annexation feeling, its alleged source. Road to St Stephens. 

 Character of Charlotte County. Bad farm-servants. Want of heart 

 between employer and employed. Oak Bay. View of St Stephens 

 and Calais. Appearance of the rival towns. Their lumber-trade. 

 Advantages of Calais. Stumpage in New Brunswick and Maine. 

 Why ships are built on the Calais side of the river. Higher taxes in 

 the States than in the provinces. Cold whitish clay bottoms. Why 

 the settlements occupy the highest ground. Selection of such spots, 

 how made. British and American Milltowns. Execrable roads. 

 Bad condition of farming in Maine. Lighter streaks and wedges in 

 the clay banks of the St Croix. Marriage ceremony. Journey to 

 Fredericton. Mr Brown s stony farm. Elevated flat swamp. The 

 Macadavic River. Vail s opening or flat. Coal-measxire conglomerates 

 and sandstones. General character of their soils all the way to Fre- 

 dericton. Harvey Settlement of Borderers. History and prosperity 

 of this settlement. Their early difficulties. State of the English 

 and Scottish Border peasantry. Mr Grieves, a shepherd from Whit- 

 tingham. Mr Pass s opinion and experience. Why emigrants are 

 more industrious than their sons. Acton and Cork settlements of 

 Irish. Idleness and discontent. Stony table-land between Hanwell 

 and Fredericton. View of the River St John. Unacknowledged 

 obligations to my conductor. 



ST ANDREWS, Friday, Nov. 9. The town of St An 

 drews stands at the extremity of a peninsula, which 

 stretches towards Passamaquoddy Bay, having the St 

 Croix Kiver, the boundary of the province, on the one 

 side, and Chamcook Bay on the other. It is a well-built 



