CHAPTER XXIV. 



New York to Philadelphia. Red lands of New Jersey. Peach orchards. 

 Short life of the peach-tree in this State. Modes of culture of the 

 peach orchards on different soils. Enemies of the peach-tree. Peach- 

 borer. The yellows, its cause and cure unknown. Former healthi 

 ness of this tree. Appearance of disease in 1800. The result of ex 

 hausting cultivation. Philadelphia, its attractions and hospitality. 

 Girard College. The penitentiary and Philadelphia system. Fair- 

 mount Water-works. Relative proportions of the different religious 

 sects. Professor Hare. Salt-water terrapin, a luxury at Philadelphia. 

 Fertilising propei ty of the green sand. Supposed cause of its ferti 

 lising action. Probable presence of phosphate of lime. Discovery of 

 this phosphate in large quantity. Formation of the green grains of 

 the green sand. Production of blue crystals of phosphate of iron. 

 Geological survey of Pennsylvania. Delay of the State Legislature 

 ill publishing the results. German population of Pennsylvania. 

 Their supposed un-progressing character. Tested by the state o f the 

 common school teaching, compared with that of New York State. 

 Comparative prospects of the next generation in these States. Wages 

 and price of land. State of agriculture in Pennsylvania. Coloured 

 people, their condition in Philadelphia. Preference of white labourers 

 from fear or choice. Their expulsion from the Atlantic border 

 Their increase in the North- Western States. Natural migration 

 beyond human control. Mr Lea s collection of shells. Journey to 

 Baltimore. Soil on the Susquehannah. City of Baltimore, its posi 

 tion. Condition and houses of the mechanics. Diminution of the 

 slave population in Maryland. Free-schools in Baltimore. State 

 agricultural chemist. Analysing soils on the spot. Sources of the pro 

 sperity of Baltimore. Large transit-trade. Canvass-backed duck. 

 Maryland hams and apple-toddy. Mulatto lands. Remarkable effects 

 of gypsum on them. Tertiary green sands. Journey to Washington. 



PHILADELPHIA, Jan. 26. Yesterday morning I left 

 Albany for New York by railway, stayed there overnight. 



