CHAPTEE XXVIII. 



Boston continued. Houses of Legislature. Professions and pursuits 

 of the members. Clergymen in both Houses. Majority law. Visit 

 to Lowell. Comparison of the cotton manufactures of Lowell and 

 Glasgow. Weight of cotton consumed, of spindles and looms at 

 work, and of yards of cloth produced in each. Kind of goods made 

 at Lowell. Wages of male and female operatives. Waste of female 

 labour in the rural districts. Opposition of masters and labourers at 

 Lowell. Dread of a manufacturing aristocracy. Independence of 

 behaviour in the employed. Buying good behaviour. Employment 

 of machinery. Female and non-adult labour preferred by the masters. 

 Expensive management of the mills. Effects of the removal of pro 

 tection in cheapening manufactures in England. Effect of savings 

 and improvements to which necessity stimulates. Allegation that 

 the protection of New England manufactures does not raise the price 

 to the southern consumer. Free trade consistent with natural laws, 

 were the world all untrammelled. England and her colonies a self- 

 sufficing w r oiid to themselves. American tariff excused as a set-off 

 against our tobacco duty. Metamorphic rocks and poor soils of 

 Massachusetts. Tendency of the people to commerce and a seafaring 

 life. Attempts to improve the soil. Early volumes of the proceed 

 ings of the Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. Early use of 

 nitrates. Action of the Legislature in 1836. Agricultural arid 

 natural history survey. Quantity of grain produced in the State. 

 Importation of wheat necessary. Influence of the rapid growth of 

 Boston on the improvement of the adjoining country. Making of 

 land round Boston. Taxation in Boston, and in the State generally, 

 compared with that of Great Britain. Harvard University. Colleges 

 in Massachusetts. Addition of a new faculty to Harvard. State laws 

 as to students at the universities. Popularity of Agassiz in the 

 United States. Views he has propounded in regard to the plurality 

 of the human and other animal races. Infidel nature of these views. 

 Why they have been eagerly received in the southern and in some 

 of the northern States. Value of the opinions of Agassiz. Necessity 



