106 THE ORDER OF PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. 



of New York; Chaplain, Kev. A. B. Grosh, of Pennsylvania; 

 Treasurer, William M. Ireland, of Pennsylvania; Secretary, O. 

 H. Kelley, of Minnesota; Gate Keeper, Edward F, Farris, of 

 Illinois. 



The next step was to test the workings of the ritual in a sub 

 ordinate Grange. One was therefore formed, consisting of 

 about sixty members. The first dispensation for a subordinate 

 Grange was granted to an application from Harrisburg, Penn 

 sylvania; the second to one from Fredonia, New York; the 

 third to a Grange at Columbus, Ohio, and the fourth to one in 

 Chicago. Only ten Granges were organized during the first 

 year; at the end of the second, they numbered thirty-one. 



The great center of the growth of the order was in the States 

 bordering the Mississippi. In Iowa, subordinate Granges were 

 formed in the spring of 1873, at the rate of from sixty to eighty 

 a day. With irresistible power the great wave has increased 

 and swelled in volume, until it has reached both oceans. It 

 lifted the bowed head of the South; it included both sexes; it 

 became a powerful educator. The only element to which any 

 objection could be made, viz, that of secrecy, could not com- 

 promise it, while the work to which it was solemnly pledged, 

 was pure and honorable. It was not a political organization; 

 but in the words of the New York Tribune, it &quot; altered the 

 political equilibrium of the most steadfast States.&quot; Its objects 

 and plans are well expressed in an address by Worthy Master 

 Saunders, at the third annual session of the National Grange, 

 February 4, 1870: 



$: To increase the products of the earth, by increasing the knowl 

 edge of the producer, is the basis of our structure; to learn and 

 apply the relations of science, so far as relates to the various prod- 

 ucts of the vegetable kingdom, and to diffuse the truths and gen 

 eral principles of the science and art of agriculture, are ultimate 

 objects of our organization. We fully avail ourselves of the valu 

 able results of scientific investigations in establishing principles 

 (which, although sometimes difficult of discovery, are generally of 

 easy application when properly understood), and seek to disseminate 

 knowledge upon every subject that bears upon the increase of the 

 productions and wealth of the nation. 



One of the first duties of every Grange is to form a good library. 

 This should be well supplied with elementary works in the various 

 branches of natural history; standard works on agriculture, horti 

 culture, pomology, physiology, rural architecture, landscape-garden 

 ing, breeding and raising of live-stock, and those of similar import. 

 It is suggested that treatises on principles and fundamental laws 



