OUR FOREIGN ELEMENT. 441 



States and Territories are of foreign birth; 47 per cent, born of 

 foreign parents, over one half having foreign father or mother. 

 Of these, California has about 38 per cent, of foreign birth, 52 

 per cent, born of foreign parents, and 58 per cent, having a for 

 eign father or mother; Nevada, 60 per cent, ditto; Oregon, 22 per 

 cent. ; &quot;Washington Territory, 36 per cent. ; Utah, 70 per cent. ; 

 Wisconsin, 71 per cent. ; Minnesota, 66 per cent. The wonder 

 ful advancement of the latter States, in material wealth and 

 social progress, furnishes conclusive evidence of the value of 

 immigration. The value of immigrants as creators of wealth 

 depends upon their intelligence and skill. In a company of 

 8,000, from nearly every nationality in the north of Europe, was 

 found 230 farmers, 1,346 laborers, 81 carpenters, 26 joiners, 12 

 masons, 41 painters, 12 blacksmiths, 10 clergymen, 34 clerks, 8 

 gas-fitters, 14 plumbers, 10 printers, 120 seamen, 39 shoe-mak 

 ers, 7 spinners, 8 tailors, 4 teachers, 9 tinsmiths, 16 weavers, 

 21 seamstresses, 21 dress-makers, 4 tailoresses, 4 nurses and 1 

 book-binder, besides 480 female servants, with 785 males and 

 3,000 females without special occupations. 



The Pacific coast offers the richest field for the immigrant. 

 It has room for whole colonies in its nooks and corners; while 

 millions of acres wait to be reclaimed and converted into homes 

 for a teeming population. By some cooperative system, immi 

 grants could pay for these lands in labor employed in the con 

 struction of levees. The same is true of large tracts of land in 

 the interior and southern portions of the State, where canals 

 and irrigating ditch.es will be required. 



The community and village systems of farming, which is car 

 ried out in some of the European States, is likely to be imitated 

 here, as it has already been at Anaheim, in Los Angeles county, 

 and in the older sectarian colonies of Pennsylvania. 



All things considered, Yineland is perhaps the most signal 

 success in drawing off the over-crowded population of cities, 

 and setting them at work upon the land; and it is unquestion 

 ably the most prosperous community in the United States. 

 The site fixed upon by the projector of Yineland, Mr. C. K. 

 Landis, was a spot about thirty-five miles from Philadelphia, 

 known as the New Jersey Barrens, owned by one of the rail 

 roads, and valued at $5 per acre. 



It was a rolling sand prairie, so light and thin that without 

 summer rains it would have been blown away centuries ago. 



