OF THK BURKAU OK ETHNOLOGY. XXXI 



of the masonry have been greatly exaggerated by earlier ex 

 plorers. Close examination reveals ignorance on the part of 

 the builders of some of the simplest principles of construction. 

 Several ruins not previously known were surveyed and others 

 were visited. Late in the season the party platted the pueblo 

 of Jemez, situated upon the liver of the same name. 



At various times during the progress of the field work stud 

 ies were made of the more primitive Navajo architecture, and 

 many sketches and diagrams were prepared illustrating the 

 Navajo system of framing their &quot;hogans,&quot; or conical wood and 

 earth houses. Several photographs of typical examples were 

 taken. 



Mr. Cosmos Mindeleff left Washington for the field Sep 

 tember I and returned February 23. He rendered general 

 assistance to the party under the direction of Mr. Victor Min 

 deleff and was in immediate charge of the surveying. Ground 

 plans of thirteen important ruins, in addition to sketch plans of 

 a number of others of less importance, and of two inhabited 

 pueblos were added to those already in the possession of the 

 Bureau. The methods of surveying followed in previous years 

 were continued. The plans, as &amp;lt;i rule, are drawn to a scale of 

 20 feet to 1 inch, and the drawing is finished in the field. The 

 topography is in all cases indicated by contour lines of 5-foot in 

 tervals, sketched upon a basis of a number of points determined 

 with the level. The ground plan is usually drawn over a 

 number of points and lines located with an instrument, and 

 the direction of all the walls is determined by a compass, in 

 order to detect any irregularities. It was found that the regu 

 larity and symmetry of plan which characterize many published 

 ground plans of ruins in the Southwest notably those of the 

 Chaco ruins are not justified by the facts as disclosed by a 

 careful survey of the ruins themselves, though upon cursory 

 examination, and even upon preliminary survey, the ground 

 plans of many of them are apparently symmetric. The plans 

 obtained will be published in articles now in preparation. 



