MURDOCH.] HAWAIIAN WORDS ANIMALS. 55 



English, chiefly a few oaths and exclamations like &quot;Get out of here,&quot; 

 and the words of such songs as &quot;Little Brown Jug&quot; and &quot;Shoo Fly,&quot; 

 curiously distorted. They have as a rule invented genuine Eskimo 

 words for civilized articles which are new to them. 1 Even in their 

 intimate relations with us they learned but few more phrases and in 

 most cases without a knowledge of their meaning. 



There are a few Hawaiian words introduced by the Kanaka sailors on 

 the whaleships, which are universally employed between whites and 

 Eskimo along the whole of the Arctic coast, and occasionally at least 

 among the Eskimo themselves. These are kau-kau, 2 food, or to eat; Uana- 

 han((, woik;p4lnf-pdn$) coituts, andjMZtt, not. Wahine, woman, is also used, 

 but is less common. Another foreign word now universally employed 

 among them in their intercourse with the whites, and even, I believe, 

 among themselves, is &quot; kuni-B &quot; for woman or wife. They themselves 

 told us that it was not an Eskimo word &quot;When there were no white 

 men, there was no kinrio&quot; and some of the whalemen who had been 

 at Hudson Bay said it was the &quot;Greenland&quot; word for woman. It was 

 not until our return to this country that we discovered it to be the 

 Danish word kone, woman, which in the corrupted form &quot;coony&quot; is in 

 common use among the eastern Eskimo generally in the jargon they 

 employ in dealing with the whites. Kuniv is &quot;coony&quot; with the suffix 

 of the third person, and therefore means &quot;his wife.&quot; It is sometimes 

 used at Point Barrow for either of a married couple in the sense of our 

 word &quot;spouse.&quot; 



NATURAL RESOURCES. 

 ANIMALS. 



These people are acquainted with the following animals, all of which 

 are more or less hunted, and serve some useful purpose. 



Mammals. The wolf, amaxo (Cauis lupus griseo-albus), is not uncom 

 mon in the interior, but rarely if ever reaches the coast. Eed and black 

 foxes, kaia ktiik ( Vulpes fulvus fulvus and argentatus), are chiefly known 

 from their skins, which are common articles in the trade with the eastern 

 natives, and the same is true of the wolverine, ka vwln (Gulo luscus), 

 and the marten, kabweatyia (Mustela americana). The arctic fox, 

 terlgunii! (Vulpes lagopus), is very abundant along the coast, while the 

 ermine (Putorius ermiuea) and Parry s spermophile (Spermophilus 

 empetra empetra) are not rare. The last is called siksifi. Lemmings, 

 a vwlnu, of two species (Cuniculus torquatus and Myodes obensis) are 



1 See list of &quot;New Words,&quot; Rep. Point Barrow Exp., p. 57. 



&quot;The history of this word, which also appears a.s a Chuekch word in some of the vocabularies col 

 lected by Xordenskiiild s expedition, is rather curious. Chamisso (Kotzebue s Voyage, vol. 2, p. 392, 

 foot-note) says that this is a Hawaiian corruption of the well-known &quot;Pigeon-English&quot; (he calls it 

 Chinese) word &quot;chow-chow&quot; recently (in 1816- 17) adopted by the Sandwich Islanders from the people 

 with whom they trade. I am informed that the word is not of Chinese origin, but probably came from 

 India, like many other words in &quot; Pigeon- English.&quot; Chamisso also calls puni-puui a Chinese word, 

 but I have been able to learn nothing of its origin. 



