MURDOCH.] BIRDS. 57 



a few only remaining to breed, and return at the end of the summer 

 from the latter part of July to the end of September. Nearly all the 

 returning birds cross the isthmus of Point Barrow at Pernyi; where the 

 natives assemble in large numbers for the purpose of taking them. 

 These migrating birds are mostly king ducks, kliiallfi (Somateria spec- 

 tabilis), Pacific eiders, ainau llfi (S. v-mgra), and long-tailed ducks, 

 a dyigi a, a hadlln (Clangula hyemalis), with smaller numbers of the 

 spectacled eider, ka waso (Aretonetta tischeri), and Steller s ducks, Tgni- 

 kau kto (Eniconetta stelleri). At the rivers they also find numbers of 

 pintails, i vwugi; (I)afila acuta), which visit the coast in small numbers 

 during the migrations. Ge_ese. of three species, the American white- 

 fronted goose, nu gift gnu: (Anser albifrons gambeli), the lesser snow- 

 goose, ku fio (Chen hyperborea), and the black brant, nughVgni; (Branta 

 nigricaus), are not uncommon on the coast both during the. migrations 

 and the breeding season, but the natives find them in much greater 

 abundance at the rivers, where they also find a species of swan, ku gru, 

 probably Olor columbianus, which rarely visits the coast. 



Next in importance to the natives are the gulls, of which the Point 

 Barrow gull, nau yi!(Larusbarrovianus), is the most abundant all through 

 the season, though the rare rosy gull, k;Vnmaxlu (lihodostethes rosea), 

 appears in multitudes late in the autumn. The ivory gull (Gavia alba), 

 nariyalbwun, and Sabine s gull, yuku drigugi i; (Xema Sabinii), are un 

 common, while the Arctic tern, ntyuta kin (Sterna paradisea), is rather 

 abundant, especially about the sandspits of Nuwuk. All these species, 

 particularly the larger ones, are taken for food. 



Three species of loons are common: the great white-billed loon, tu dlln 

 (Urinator adamsi), and the Pacific and red-throated divers (TJ. pacifieus 

 and lumme), which are not distinguished from each other but are both 

 called ka ksan. They also occasionally see the thick-billed guillemot 

 a kpa (Uria lomvia arra), and more often the sea-pigeon, sekbwuk (Ce 

 phas mandtii). The three species of jaegers (Stercorarius pomarinus, 

 parasiticus, and longicaudus) are not distinguished from one another 

 but are all called isufit;. They pay but little attention to the numerous 

 species of wading birds which appear in considerable abundance in the 

 migrations and breeding season, but they recognize among them the 

 turnstone, tull gwa ( Arenaria interpres), the gray plover, ki raio n (Cha- 

 radrius squatarola), the American golden plover, tn dlin (C. dominions), 

 the knot, tu awi a (Tringa canutus), the pectoral and Baird s sandpipers, 

 (T. maculata and bairdii), both called ai bwiikh;, the red-backed sand 

 piper, mekapln (T. alpina pacifioa), the semipalmated sandpiper, nfwil- 

 Iwi lnk (Brenuetes pusillus), the bnflf-breasted sandpiper, nu dluayu 

 (Tryngites subruficollis), the red phalarope, sabrafl (Chrymophilus fuli- 

 carins), and the northern plialarope, sabrafnn! (Phalaropus lobatus). 

 The last is rare at Point Barrow, but they see many of them near the 

 Colville. The little brown crane, tutl drigi; (Gras canadeiisis), is also 

 rare at the Point, but they say they find many of them at the month of 

 Kulu grua. 



