66 THK POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 



They use all kinds of tobacco, but readily distinguish and desire the 

 sorts considered better by the whites. For instance, they were eager to 

 get the excellent quality of &quot;Navy&quot; tobacco furnished by the- Com 

 missary Department, while one of our party who had a large quantity 

 of exceedingly bad fine-cut tobacco could hardly give it away. A little 

 of the strong yellow &quot;Circassian&quot; tobacco used by the Russians for 

 trading is occasionally brought up from the south west, and perhaps also 

 by the Nunatanmiun, and is very highly prized, probably because it was 

 hi this form that they first saw tobacco. Snuff seems to bo unknown; 

 tobacco is used only for chewing and smoking. The habit of chewing 

 tobacco is almost universal. Men, women, and even children, though 

 the latter be but 2 or . i years old and unweaiied, 1 when tobacco is to be 

 obtained, keep a &quot;chew,&quot; often of enormous size, constantly in the mouth. 

 The juice is not spit out, but swallowed with the saliva, without pro 

 ducing any signs of nausea. The tobacco is chewed by itself and not 

 sweetened with sugar, as was observed by Hooper and Nordenskiold 

 among the &quot;Chukclies.&quot;* I knew but two adult Kskimo in Utkiavwin 

 who did not chew tobacco, and one of these adopted the habit to a cer 

 tain extent while we were there. 



Tobacco is smoked iu pipes of a peculiar pattern called kui nyi?, of 

 which the collection contains a series of ten specimens. 



Of these, No. 89288 [705], 3 figured in Kay s Point Barrow Report, 

 Ethnology, PL i, Fig. 1, will serve as a type. The bowl is of brass, 

 neatly inlaid on the upper surface with a narrow ring of copper close to 

 the edge, from which inn four converging lines, 90 apart, nearly to the 

 center. Round the under surface are also three concentric rings of 

 copper. The wooden stem appears to be willow or birch, and is in two 

 longitudinal sections, held together by the lashing of sealskin thong 

 which serves to attach the bowl to the stem. This lashing was evidently 

 put on wet and allowed to shrink on, and the snds are secured by tuck 

 ing under the turns. The whipping at the mouthpiece is of fine sinew 

 thread. A picker of steel for cleaning out the bowl is attached to the 

 stem by a piece of seal thong, the end of which is wedged under the 

 turns of the lashing. The remaining pipes are all of the same general 

 pattern, but vary in the material of the bowl and in details of execu 

 tion. The stems are always of the same material and put together in 

 the same way, but are sometimes lozenge-shaped instead of elliptical 

 in section. The lashing is sometimes of three-ply sinew braid. The 

 bowl shows the greatest variation, both in form and material. 



Fig. Crt (No. 56737 [10], from TJtkiavwin) has an iron bowl, noticeable 

 for the ornamentation of the shank. The metal work has all been done 

 with the file except the fitting of the saucer to the shank. This lias 

 evidently been heated and shrunk on. Three pipes have bowls of 



1 Compare J. Siiupsnn, op. cit., p. 250, and Xonlen-skiold, Vejia, vol. 2, p. 116. 

 * Tents, etc., p. 83 ; Vega, vol. 2, p. 1 16. 



5 The numbers first given are those of the National Museum ; the numbers in brackets are those of 

 the collector. 



