MUBDOCH.] SAWS PRILLS. 1 75 



found the natives of Iglulik, in 1821-1 S2, 5, using a saw made of a notched 

 piece of iron. On our asking Nlkawa alu, one day, what they had for 

 tools before they got iron lie said that they had drills made of seal bones 

 and saws made of the shoulder blade of the reindeer. Some time after 

 wards he brought over 

 a model of such a saw, 

 which he said was ex 

 actly like those for 

 merly used. Fig. 147, 

 No. 89470 112061, repre- 



1 l FIG. 147. haw miult 1 nt deer s scapula. 



seiits this specimen. It 



is made by cutting off the anterior edge of a reindeer s scapula in a 

 straight line parallel to the posterior edge and cutting fine saw teeth 

 on this thin edge. The spine is also cut off nearly flat. This makes a 

 tool very much like a carpenter s backsaw, the narrow part of the 

 scapula forming a convenient handle. 



Fig. 148, No. 56559 [15], shows how other implements were utilized 

 before it was easy to obtain saws in plenty. It is a common case knife 

 stamped on the blade, &quot;Wilson, Hawksworth, n & Co., Sheffield,&quot; 



which perhaps came 

 from the I lorer, with 

 saw teeth cut on the 

 edge. It was picked 



Fio. 148.-Saw made of a case-kulfe. u l&amp;gt; !l t the 1 tldavwlll 



cemetery, where it 



had beeii exposed with a corpse. Saws are now a regular article of 

 trade, and most of the natives are provided with them of various styles 

 and makes. The name for saw is ulua ktun. 



Drill* and borers. The use of the bow drill appears to be universal 

 among the Eskimo. Those at present employed at Point Harrow do 

 not differ from the large series collected at the Mackenzie and Ander 

 son rivers by MacFarlane. The drill is a slender rod of steel worked to 

 a drill point and imbedded in a stout wooden shaft, which is tapered to 

 a rounded tip. This tits into a stone socket imbedded in a wooden block, 

 which is held between the teeth, so that the, point of the drill can be 

 pressed down against the object to be drilled by the head, leaving both 

 hands free to work the short bow, which has a loose, string of thong long 

 enough to make one turn round the shaft. The collection contains ten 

 of these modern steel or iron drills, fifteen bows, and seven mouthpieces. 

 No. 89502 [853], figured in Point Barrow Kept., Ethnology, PI. n, Fig. 1, 

 has been selected as a typical drill (nia ktuu). The drill is a cylindrical 

 rod of steel beaten out into a small lanceolate point, which is filed 

 sharp on the edges. The shaft is made of hard wood. The remaining 

 drills are of essentially the same pattern, varying in total length from 

 about 11 inches to 164. 



Fig. 149, No. 89499 [968] shows a somewhat unusual shape of shaft. 

 The lashings round the large end are to keep it from splitting any more 



