204 THE POINT BARROW ESKIMO. 



antler. The rest of the arrow does not differ from those previously 

 described. The stele is of pine and is feathered with three gyrfalcon 

 feathers. 



Two others from Sidaru have only a single barb on the after-pile, but 

 the ether four have two, one behind the other on the same side. No. 

 89237 [104], from Utkiavwifi, differs in no respect from the single-barbed 

 flint arrows from Sidaru, but No. 7270. ? [104], from the same village, has 

 four small barbs on the after-pile, which is unusually (nearly 7 inches) 

 long, and a pile of sheet brass. This has the basal angles on each side 

 cut into three small, sharp, backward-pointing teeth. The total length 

 of this arrow is 28 inches. 



The after-piles of all arrows except one were of reindeer antler, which 

 is another reason for supposing&quot; that this form of arrow is a modification 

 of the deer arrow. After the introduction of iron, this metal or copper 

 was substituted for the flint pile of the kuki ksadlifi, making the third 

 and last form of bear arrow, the sa vldlln (&quot;fitted with iron&quot;). This 

 arrow differs from the others only in the form of the pile, which is gen 

 erally broad and flat, and either rhomboidal, with the base cut into 

 numerous small teeth, or else triangular, with a shank. The barbs are 

 usually bilateral. 



No. 72758 [25], from Nuwuk, represents the first form. The pile is 

 of iron, rough and flat, 2 inches long. No. 72770 [241&], from Utki 

 avwifi, is of the same form. No. 72700 [105], Fig. 180c, from Utkiavwifi, 

 has a similar pile 3-3 inches long, but has each of the under edges cut 

 into four sharp, backward-pointing teeth. No. 72778 [234&], Fig. LSGrf, 

 has a pile of sheet copper 2-3 inches long, of the same shape, but with six 

 teeth. This arrow came from Sidaru. No. 72705 [25], from Nuwuk, is a 

 long, narrow iron pile with three bilateral barbs, all simple. 



Nos. 72755 [25], from Nuwuk, 72759 [25], also from Nuwiik, and 72704 

 [105], from Utkiavwm, show the shanked form. The first is triangular, 

 with a flat shank and a simple barb at each angle of the base. It is of 

 steel (piece of a saw) and 2-8 inches long. The second resembles No. 

 72700 [105], with more teeth, mounted on a slender cylindrical sliank 1J 

 inches long. It is of iron and 3-9 inches long. The third is a long pile 

 with a sinuate outline and one pair of simple bilateral barbs, and a flat 

 shank one-half inch long. Nos. 72757 [25] (Fig. 1806) and 72702 [25], both 

 from Nuwuk, are peculiar in being the only iron-pointed arrows with un 

 ilateral barbs. The piles are made of the two blades of a pair of large scis 

 sors, cut oft at the point, with enough of the handle left to make a tang. 

 The unilateral barb is filed out on the back of the blade, which has been 

 beveled down on both faces to a sharp edge. All of these broadheaded 

 arrows have the breadth of the pile at right angles to the plane of the 

 nock, showing that they are not meant to fly like the Sioux war arrows. 

 Although iron makes a better material for arrow piles and is more 

 easily worked than flint, the quivers which some men still carry at Point 

 Barrow contain flint as well as iron headed arrows. They are probably 



