222 TMK 1 OINT HARROW ESKIMO. 



All of the Eskimo race, as far as I have any definite information, use 

 toggle harpoon-heads. There are specimens in the National Museum 

 from Greenland, Cumberland Gulf, the Anderson and Mackenzie region, 

 and from the Alaskan coast from Point Harrow to Kadiak, as well as 

 from St. Lawrence Island, which are all of essentially the same type, 

 but slightly modified in different localities. The harpoon head in use 

 at Smith Sound is of the same form as the walrus harpoon heads used 

 at Point Harrow, but appears always to have the shaft socket made by 

 a groove closed with thongs. 1 In Danish Greenland, however, the body 

 has an extra pair of bilateral barbs below the blade. The Greenlanders 

 have, as it were, substituted a metal blades for the point only of the 

 barbed blade portion of such a bone head as No. 89379 [795]. 2 



Curiously enough, this form of the toggle head appears again in the 

 Mackenzie and Anderson region, as shown by the extensive collections 

 of Itoss, MaeFarlane, and others. In this region the metal blade itself is 

 often cut into one or more pairs of bilateral barbs. At the Straits of Fury 

 and Ilecla, Parry found the harpoon head, with a body like the walrus 

 harpoon heads at Point Harrow, 3 but with the blade in the plane of the 

 body barb. Most of the pictures scattered through the work represent 

 the blade in this position, but Fig. 19 on the same plate has the blade 

 at right angles to the barb, so that the older form may not be universal. 

 At Cumberland Gulf the form of the body is considerably modified, 

 though the blade is of the usual shape and in the ordinary position. 

 The body is flattened at right angles to the usual direction, so that the 

 thickness is much greater than the width. .It always has two body 

 barbs. On the western coast the harpoon heads are much less modified, 

 though there is a tendency to increase the number of body barbs, at the 

 same time ornamenting the body more elaborately as we go south from 

 Hering Strait. Walrus harpoon heads with a single barb, hardly dis 

 tinguishable from those used at Point Harrow, are in the collection from 

 the Diomedes and all along the northern shore of Norton Sound, and 

 one also from the mouth of the Ivuskoqiiini. They are probably also 

 used from Point Harrow to Kotzebue Sound. At St. Lawrence Island 

 and on the Asiatic shore they are the common if not the universal form. 4 

 The seal harpoon head (iiaulu) at Point Harrow appears always to have 

 the body barb split at the tip into two, and this is the ease rarely with 

 the tu ku. This form, which appears occasionally north of Norton 

 Sound (Port Clarence, Cape Nome), appears to be more common south of 

 this locality, where, however, a pattern with the barb divided into three 

 points seems to be, the prevailing form. I will now proceed to the de 

 scription of the different forms of harpoon with which these toggle- 

 heads are used. 



&quot;Kane, 2il Griimcll Ex]i., vol. 1, pp. 412 and 413 (Fig. 1), ami Bossells, Naturalist, vol. 18, pt. 9, p. 

 869, Figs. 6-12. 



2 Grant/., vol. 1, p. 14G, and 1*1. v, Figs. 1 and 2, and Kink Talcs, etc., 1*1. opposite p. 1(1. 



I d Voyage, PI. opposite p. &quot;).&quot;&amp;gt;!), Fig. 13. 



4 Museum eolleetions and Xordenskicild, Vega, vol. 2. p. 105, Fig. 1. This figure shows the blade in 

 h&amp;gt; plane of the barb, but none of the specimens from Plover Uay are of this form. 



