242 THK I OINT BARROW ESKIMO. 



head of black flint, (5 inches long. Fig. 240a, No. 89597 [1034], from 

 Nuwtik, is of black flint, and unusually long in proportion, running into 

 the tang with less shoulder than usual. Much of the original 

 ) surface; is left untouched on one face. This is probably very old. 

 No. 89508 [13(51 ] is a head of similar shape of dark gray flint from 

 Si dam. It is (5 inches long. Fig. 2406, No. 895!)!) [1373], from 

 the same place and of similar material, is shaped very like the 

 head of a steel lance. It is 5 inches long. Fig. 240c, No. 89(iO() 

 .[1009], from Utkiavwln, is still broader in proportion and almost 

 heart-shaped. It is of bluish gray flint and 4-8 inches long. 

 These heads probably represent most of the different forms in 

 use. Only two types are to be recognized among them, the long- 

 pointed oval with a short taiig, and the broad leaf-shaped head 

 with a rather long tang, which appears to be the commoner form. 

 We obtained one newly made lance of a pattern similar to the 

 above, but smaller, which was said to be a model 

 of the weapon vised in attacking the polar bear 

 before the introduction of firearms. The name, 

 pu nnu, is curiously like the name patina given 

 by Dr. Simpson and Capt. Parry to the large 

 double-edged knife. The specimen, No. 89895 

 [1230], Fig. 241, came from Utkiavwlii. It has a 

 head of gray flint 3 inches long, exclusive of the 

 tang, roughly convex on one face, but flat and 

 merely beveled at the edges on the other. The 

 edges are finely serrate. The shaft is of spruce, 

 (5 feet 8 inches long, rounded and somewhat flat 

 tened at the tip, which is 1 inch wide and taper- Flo 242. Flint 

 ing to a diameter of 0-7 at the butt, and is painted bead for bear laace. 

 red with ocher. The tip has a slight shoulder to keep the whip 

 ping in place. The tang is wedged in with bits of leather and 

 secured by a close whipping of sinew braid 1^ inches deep. Fig. 

 242, No. 89(51 1 [1034], from Nuwtik, was probably the head of such 

 a lance, although it is somewhat narrower and slightly shorter. 

 Its total length is 3-4 inches. The other two large lance-heads, 

 No. 50708 [114] and No. 567086 [1146], are both new, but were 

 probably meant for the bear lance. They are of gray flint, 3 

 inches long, and have the edges regularly serrate. 



One form of lance is still in general use. It has a sharp metal 

 )/ head, and a light wooden shaft about (5 feet long. It is used in 

 FIG 241 _t ue kaiak for stabbing deer swimming in the water, after the 

 Dear manner frequently noticed among other Eskimo. 1 A pair of 

 lauco these spears is carried in beckets on the forward deck of the 

 kaiak. On approaching a deer one of them is slipped out of the 

 becket and laid on the deck, with the butt resting on the combing of 



Parry, 2d Voy., p. 512 (Iglnlik); Kumlien, Contributions, p. 54 (Cumberland Gulf); Schwatka, 

 Science, vol. 4, No. 98, p. 544 (King Williams Land). 



