308 



THE POINT BAKKOW ESKIMO. 



often use whale spades, of which they have obtained a great many from 

 wrecks. 



Xo. 89483 [1313] from Utkiavwln, is a very old pick made of a piece of 

 reindeer antler, 11^ inches long, split lengthwise, and tapered to a sharp 



curved point. The butt is cut into a sort of tang with a low 



shoulder. The split face is concave, the soft interior tissue 



having been removed by decay 



and perhaps also intentionally. 



Another peculiar tool is shown 



in Fig. 309 (Xo. 89479 [1064] from 



Utkiavwln). This was called 



k&kaiyaxion, and is a rounded 



piece of antler 10-4 inches long, 



tapering from the butt where 



there is a low shoulder and the 



broken remains of a rounded 



tang to be fitted to a shaft. One 



side is cut oif flat from the shoul 

 der to the tip, gradually becom 

 ing concave. The concavity is 



deepest near the middle. The 



tip is slightly expanded,rounded, 



and somewhat bent toward the 



convex side. The specimen is 



smoothly and neatly made and 



dark brown from age. Xo other 

 FIO 309 -snow specimens were seen. We were 

 ami. told that this tool was mounted 

 on a long pole and used for drilling holes in 

 the ice by making the pole revolve with the 

 hands. 



Ice scoops. When picking a hole through 

 the ice they use a long-handled scoop, made 

 of a piece of antler bent round into a hoop, 

 and netted across the bottom with strips of 

 whalebone, so that the water may drain off 

 in dipping pieces of ice out of the water. 

 We brought home one specimen of this uni 

 versal implement (Xo.89903 [1696], Fig. 310). 

 The handle is of oak, 5 feet If inches long 

 and elliptical in section. The rim of the 

 bowl is a long thin strip of antler, appar 

 ently from the &quot;palm,&quot; bent round into a 

 pointed oval, 8J inches long and 5f wide, 

 with the ends of the strip overlapping about 3 inches at the broader 

 end. The ends are sewed together with two vertical stitches of whale- 



,!/, 



FIO. sio. ice scoop. 



