Bot-iiKE.] THE MAKING OF THE MEDICINE-MAN. 455 



The Oregon tribes have spirit doctors and medicine doctors. 1 



The Chinese historians relate that the shamans of the Huns possessed 

 the power -to bring down snow, hail, rain, and wind.&quot; : 



In all nations in the infancy of growth, social or mental, the power 

 to coax from reluctant clouds the fructifying rain has been regarded 

 with highest approval and will always be found confided to the most 

 important hierophants or devolving upon some of the most prominent 

 deities; almighty Jove was a deified rain-maker or cloud-compeller. 

 Rain-makers flourished in 1 Europe down to the time of Charlemagne, 

 who prohibited these &quot;tempestiarii&quot; from plying their trade. 



Olio of the first requests made of Vaca and his comrades oy the 

 people living in fixed habitations near the llio Grande was &quot;to tell the 

 sky to rain,&quot; and also to pray for it. :i 



The prophet Samuel has been alluded to as a rain-maker. 1 



There does not seem to have been any inheritance of priestly func- ^ 

 tions among the Apache or any setting apart of a particular clan or family I 

 for the priestly duties. 



Francis Parkman is quoted as describing a certain family among the 

 Miami who were reserved for the sacred ritualistic cannibalism perpe 

 trated by that tribe upon captives taken in war. Such families devoted 

 more or less completely to sacred uses are to be noted among the 

 Hebrews (in the line of Lev!) and others; but they do not occur in the 

 tribes of the Southwest. 



One of the ceremonies connected with the initiation, as with every 

 exercise of spiritual functions by the medicine-man, is the &quot;ta-a-chi,&quot; 

 or sweat-bath, in which, if he be physically able, the patient must par 

 ticipate. 



The Apache do not, to my knowledge, indulge in any poisonous in 

 toxicants during their medicine ceremonies; but in this they differ to Jl 

 a perceptible degree from other tribes of America. The &quot; black 

 drink&quot; of the Creeks and the &quot;wisoccan&quot; of the Virginians maybe 

 cited as cases in point ; and ttte^Walapai of Arizona, the near neighbors 

 of the Apache, make use of the juice, or a decoction of the leaves, roots, f^ 

 and flowers of the Datura utrnmonium to induce frenzy and exhilara 

 tion. , The laurel grows wild on all the mountain tops of Sonora and 

 Arizona, and the Apache credit it with the power of setting men crazy, 

 but they deny that- they have ever made use of it in their medicine or 

 religion. Pieart 5 speaks of the drink (wisoccau) which took away the 

 brains of the young men undergoing initiation as medicine-men among 

 the tribes of Virginia, but he does not say what this &quot; wisoccan&quot; was. 



In Guiana, 6 the candidate for the office of medicine-man must, among 



1 ROHS. Fur Hunters, quoted by Spencer. Dene. Soc. 



Max Miiller, Science of Religion, p. 88. 



Davis. Spanish Cuuq. ol N. M.. p. 98. 



&amp;lt;I Samuel, xil, 17.18. 



Ceremonies et Coutmues, vol. 6, p. 75. 



6 Everard iin Thurn, ImtiaiiH ol tluiana. London. 1883, p. 334. 



