THE KUNQUE OF THE ZUXI. 507 



armed, as they then were, the Apache must have had great trouble in 

 resisting him; hence they hope to appease him by offering a sacrifice 

 acceptable to his palate. If acceptable to the chief animal god, as the 

 bear seems to have been, as he certainly was the most dangerous, then 

 it would have been also acceptable to the minor deities like the puma, 

 snake, eagle, etc., cind, by an easy transition, to the sun, moon, and 

 other celestial powers. This opinion did not last long, as will be shown. 

 From its constant association with all sacrifices and all acts of worship, 

 hoddentin would naturally become itself sanctified and an object of 

 worship, just as rattles, drums, standards, holy grails, etc., in differ 

 ent parts of the world have become fetichistic. I was not in the least 

 surprised when I heard Moses Henderson reciting a prayer, part of 

 which ran thus: &quot; Hoddentin eshkin, bi hoddentin ashi&quot; ( Hoddentiu 

 child, you hoddentin I offer&quot;), and to learn that it was a personification 

 of hoddentin. 



The fact that the myths of the Apache relate that Assanut-li-je 

 spilled hoddentin over the surface of the sky to make the Milky Way 

 may be looked upon as an inchoate form of a calendar, just as the 

 Aztecs transferred to their calendar the reed, rabbit, etc. 



So constant is the appearance of hoddentin in ceremonies of a reli 

 gious nature among the Apache that the expression &quot; hoddentin 

 schlawu&quot; (plenty of hoddentin) has come to mean that a particular per 

 formance or place is sacred. Yet, strange to say, this sacred pollen of 

 the tule is gathered without any special ceremony; at least, I noticed 

 none when 1 saw it gathered, although I should not fail to record that 

 at the time of which 1 speak the Apache and the Apache- Yuina were 

 returning from an arduous campaign, in which blood had been shed, 

 and everything they did the bathing in the sweat lodges and the sing 

 ing of the Apache and the plastering of mud upon their heads by the 

 Apache- Yuina had a reference to the lustration or purgation necessary 

 under such circumstances. Not only men but women may gather the 

 pollen. When the tule is not within reach our cat-tail rush is used. 

 Thus, the Chiricalma, confined at Fort Pickens, Florida, gathered the 

 pollen of the cat-tail rush, some of which was given me by one of the 

 women who gathered it. 



Before making an examination into the meaning to be attached to the 

 use of hoddentin, it is well to determine whether or not such a powder 

 or anything analogous to it is to be found among the tribes adjacent. 



THE &quot; KUNQUE&quot; OK THE ZUNI AND OTHERS. 



The term &quot;kunque &quot; as it appears in this chapter is one of convenience 

 only. Each pueblo, or rather each set of pueblos, has its own name in 

 its own language, as, for example, the people of Laguna and Acoma, 

 who employ it in all their ceremonies as freely as do the Zniii, call 

 it in their tongue &quot;hinawa.&quot; In every pueblo which I visited and 

 I visited them all, from Oraibi of Tusayan, on the extreme west, to 



