BOL-RKE.J GENERAL SACRED USE OP POWDER. f)29 



that the Apache and the Aztecs, among whom they seem to have been 

 most freely used on ceremonial occasions, were invaders in the country 

 they respectively occupied, comparatively recent in their arrival among 

 the contiguous tribes like the Zuiii and Tusayan who on corresponding 

 occasions ottered to their gods a cultivated food like corn. The Tlas- 

 caltec were known in Mexico as the &quot; bread people,&quot; possibly because 

 they had been acquainted with the cultivation of the cereals long before 

 the Aztecs. Similarly, there was a differentiation of the Apache from i 

 the sedentary Pueblos. The Apache were known to all the villages of 

 the Pueblos as a &quot;corn-buying tribe,&quot; as will presently be shown. It 

 is true that in isolated cases and in widely separated sections the 

 Apache have for nearly two centuries been a corn-planting people, be 

 cause we find accounts in the Spanish chronicles of the discovery and 

 destruction by their military expeditious of trojes&quot; or magazines of 

 Apache corn near the San Francisco (or Verde) Eiver, in the present 

 Territory of Arizona, as early as the middle of the last century. Hut 

 the general practice of the tribe was to purchase its bread or meal from 

 the Pueblos at such times as hostilities were not an obstacle to free 

 trade. There was this difference to be noted between the Apache and 

 the Aztecs: The latter had been long enough in the valley of Anahuac 

 to learn and adopt many new foods, as we learn from Duran, who relates 

 ^ that at their festivals in honor of Tezcatlipoca, or those made in pur 

 suance of some vow, the woman cooked an astonishing variety of bread, 

 just as, at the festivals of the Zuui, Tusayan, and other Pueblos in our 

 own time, thirty different kinds of preparations of corn may be found. 

 I was personally informed by old Indians in the pueblos along the Eio 

 Grande that they had been in the habit of trading with the Apache 

 and Comanche of the Staked Plains of Texas until within very recent 

 | years; in fact, I remember seeing such a party of Pueblos on its return 

 from Texas in 18&amp;lt;&amp;gt;!, as it reached Fort Craig, New Mexico, where I was 

 then stationed. I bought a buffalo robe from them. The principal 

 article of sale on the side of the Pueblos was corn meal. The Xufii also 

 carried on this mixed trade and hunting, as I was informed by tin* old 

 chief Pedro Pino and others. The Tusayan denied that they had ever 

 traded with the Apache so far to the east as the buffalo country, but 

 asserted that the Comanche had once sent a large body of their people 

 over to Wai pi to trade with the Tusayan, among whom they remained 

 for two years. There was one buffalo robe among the Tusayan at their 

 snake dance in 1881, possibly obtained from the Ute to the north of 

 them. 



The trade carried on by the &quot;buffalo&quot; Indians with the Pueblos was 

 noticed by Don Juan de Ofiate as early as 1590. He describes them as 

 &quot;dressed in skins, which they also carried into the settled provinces to 

 sell, and brought back in return cornmeal.&quot; 2 



^ Tauta diterencia de manjares y de generos de pan que era eosa ostrafia. Diego Diirjm. vol. 3 

 cap. 4, p. 219. 



Davis, Conquest of N ew Mexico, ji. 27:t. 

 &amp;lt;) ETH . 54 



