530 MEDICINE-MEN OF THE APACHE. 



Gregg 1 speaks of the &quot;Coinancheros&quot; or Mexicans and Pueblos who 

 ventured out on the plains to trade with the Oornanche, the principal 

 article of traffic being bread. W hippie 2 refers to this trade as carried 

 on with all the nomadic tribes of the Llano Estacado, one of which we 

 know to have been the eastern division of the Apache. The principal 

 article bartered with the wild tribes was flour, i. c., cornmeal. 



In another place he tells us of &quot;Pueblo Indians from Santo Domingo, 

 with flour and bread to barter with the Kai-o-was and (Jomanches for 

 buffalo robes and horses.&quot; 3 Again, Mexicans were seen with flour, 

 bread, and tobacco, &quot;bound for (Jomancne land to trade. We had no 

 previous idea of the extent of this Indian trade.&quot; 4 Only one other 

 reference to this intertribal commerce will be introduced. 



Vetancurt 5 mentions that the Franciscan friars, between 1030 and 

 10X0, had erected a magnificent &quot;temple&quot; to &quot;Our Lady of the Angels 

 of Porciun cula,&quot; and that the walls were so thick that offices were 

 established in their concavities. On each side of this temple, which 

 was erected in the pueblo of Pecos (situated at or near the head of the 

 Pecos Kiver, about 30 miles southeast of Santa Fe, New Mexico, on 

 the eastern rim of the Llano Estacado), were three towers. At the foot 

 of the hill was a plain about one league in circumference, to which the 

 Apache resorted for trade. These were the Apache living on the 

 plains of Texas. They brought with them buffalo robes, deer skins 

 and other things to exchange for corn. They came with their dog- 

 trains loaded, and there were more than five hundred traders arriving 

 each year. 



Observe that here we have the first and only reference to the use of 

 dog trains by the Apache who in every other case make their women 

 carry all plunder in baskets on their backs. In this same extract from 

 Vetaneurt there is a valuable remark about Quivira: &quot;Este es el paso 

 para los reinos de la Quivira.&quot; 



ANALOGUES OF HODUENTIN. 



I n the citation from the Spanish poet Villagra, already given, the sug 

 gestion occurs that some relationship existed between the powder scat 

 tered so freely during the Spanish &quot;carnestolendas&quot; and the &quot;kuuque&quot; 

 thrown by the people of Tusayan upon the Spaniards and their horses 

 when the Spaniards first entered that country. This analogy is a very 

 striking one, even though the Spaniards have long since lost all idea 

 of the meaning of the practice which they still follow. It is to be 

 noted, however, that one of the occasions when this flour is most freely 



1 Commerce of the Prairies, vol. 2, p. 54. 



Pacific E. R. Report, 1856. vol. 3. pt. 1. ]&amp;gt;. :14. 



3 Ibid., p. 34. 



&quot; Ibid. , p. 38. 



5 LOH Apaches n-aian pieles de cibola.s, gauiuzas y otras cosas, a Jiacer canibio por niai/.. &quot; Venian 

 con sus reeuas de perros cargados mns de qniniento mereaderes eada aiio.&quot; Teatro Mexirano, 

 vol.3, p. 323. 



