532 MEUICINE-MEN OK THE APACHK. 



powder for curing diseases once given by the snake spirit of the waters 

 to an Ojibwa. 



Godfrey lliggins lias this to say of the use of pollen by the ancients 

 which he recognizes as connected with the principle of fertility: 



Apufia, tlie sweet smell, means also a flower, that is Pushpa or Pusbto. This was 

 the language of the followers of the Phasah or the Lamb it was the language of 

 the Flower, of the Nat/ir, of the. Flos-floris of Flora, of the Arouma, anil of the 

 flour of Ceres, or the Eueharistia. It was the language of the pollen, the pollen of 

 plants, the principle of generation, of the Pole or Phallus. 



Again he says : 



Buddha was a flower, because as flour or pollen he was the principle of fructi 

 fication or generation. He was flour because flour was the flue or valuable part of 

 the plant of ( ores, or wheat, the pollen which, 1 am told, in this plant, and in this 

 plant alone, renews itself when destroyed. When the flour, pollen, is killed, it grows 

 again several times. This is a very beautiful type or symbol of the resurrection. 

 On this account the flour of wheat was the sacrifice offered to the XIIIK or Ceres in 

 the Ki&amp;gt;xapioTia. In this pollen we have the name of pall or pallium and of Pallas, in 

 the first language meaning window. . . . When the devotee ate the bread he ate 

 the pollen, and thus ate the body of the (iod of generation ; hence might come tran- 

 substantiation. 



Lupton, 2 in 1660, describes a &quot;powder of the Mowers [pollen?] of elder, 

 gathered on a midsummer day,&quot; which was taken to restore lost youth. 

 Brand, it may be as well to say, traces back the custom of throwing 

 floifr into the faces of women and others on the streets at Shrovetide, 

 in Minorca and elsewhere, to the time, of the Romans. 3 



In writing the description of the Snake Dance of the Moquis of Ar 

 izona, I ventured to advance the surmise that the corn flour with 

 which the sacred snakes were covered, and with which the air was 

 whitened, would be found upon investigation to be closely related to 

 the crithomaucy or divination by grains of the cereals, as practiced 

 among the ancient Greeks. Orithomancy, strictly speaking, meant a 

 divination by grains of corn. The expression which I should have em 

 ployed- was alphitomancy, a divination &quot; by meal, flower, or branne.&quot; 4 

 But both methods of divination have been noticed among the aborig 

 ines of America. 



In Peru the medicine-men were divided into classes, as were those of 

 ancient Egypt. These inedicine-men &quot;made the various means of divi 

 nation specialities.&quot; Some of them predicted by &quot;the shapes of grains 

 of maize taken at random.&quot; 5 In Guatemala grains of corn or of chile 

 were used indiscriminately, and in Guazacualco the medicine- women 

 used grains of frijoles or black beans. In Guatemala they had what 

 they called &quot;ahquij. &quot;Este modo de adivinar se llama ahqnij, inalol- 



1 Anacalypsis, London, 18M, vol. 2, pp. 242-244. 

 Brand, Pop. Antiq., vol. 3, p. 2r&amp;gt;. 



3 riii.l vnl 1 11 fiQ 



3 Ibid., vol. 1, p 



4 Ibid., vol. 3; pp. 32et seq. 



5 Brinton, Myths of the New World, New York, 1868, pp. 278, 279. 



