530 MEDICINE-MEN OF THE APACHE. 



whom it was observed by Forster. 1 These islanders used a white, lime 

 powder, also one of blue and another of orange made of turmeric. 



The Sandwich Islanders plastered their hair over &quot;with a kind of 

 lime made from burnt shells,&quot; 2 and Dillon speaks of the Friendly 

 Islanders using lime, as Forster has already informed us. 3 The Hot 

 tentots made a lavish use of the medicinal powder ofthebuc.hu, which 

 they plastered on their heads, threw to their sacred animals, and used 

 liberally at their funerals. 4 Kolben dispels all doubt by saying: 

 &quot;These powderings are religious formalities.&quot; He also alludes to the 

 use, in much the same manner, of ashes by the same people. 5 



The use of ashes also occurs among the Zuui, the Apache (at times), 

 and the Abipone of Paraguay. Ashes are also &quot;thrown in the way of 

 a whirlwind to appease it.&quot; 6 



In the Witches Sabbath, in Germany, &quot; it was said that the witches 

 burned a ho goat, and.divided its ashes among themselves.&quot; 7 



In all the above cases, as well as in that of the use of ashes in the 

 Christian churches, it is possible that the origin of the custom might 

 be traced back either to a desire to share in the burnt offering or else 

 in that of preserving some of the incinerated dust of the dead friend or 

 relative for whom the tribe or clan was in mourning. Ashes in the 

 Christian church were not confined to Lent alone; they &quot;were worn 

 four times a year, as in the beginning of Lent.&quot; 8 



Tuphramancy or divination by ashes was one of the methods of fore 

 cast in use among the priests of pagan Koine. 9 



In Northumberland the custom prevailed of making bonfires on the 

 hills on St. Peter s day. &quot;They made encroachments, on these oc 

 casions, upon the bonfires of the neighbouring towns, of which they took 

 away some of the ashes by force: This they called carrying off the 

 flower (probably the flour) of the wake. Moresin thinks this a ves 

 tige of the ancient Cerealia. 



The mourning at Iddah, in Guinea, consists in smearing the forehead 

 &quot; with wood ashes and clay water, which is allowed to dry on. They 

 likewise powder their hair with wood ashes.&quot; 11 



1 Voyage Kound the World, London. 1777, pp. 462, 463. 



* Archibald Campbell, Voyage Round the World, X. Y.. 1819, p. VIS. 



3 Voyage of La Perouse, London, 1829, vol. 2, p. 275. 



4 Peter Kolben s Voyage to the Cape of Good gope, in Knot s Voyage and Travels, London, 1767, 

 vol. 2, pp. 391, 395, 406, 407. 



Ibid., p. 406. 



Spencer, Desc. Sociology, art. &quot; Abipones.&quot; 



Gubernatis, Zoological Mythology, London, 1872, vol. 1, p. 423. 



Fosbrooke, British Monaehism, p. 83. 



&quot;Gaule, Mag-aatromancers Posed and Puzzel d, p. 165, quoted in Brand, Popular Antiquities, 

 vol. 3. pp. 329 et. seq. 



10 Brand, Popular Antiquities, vol. 1, pp. 337. 338. 



&quot;Laird and Oldfleld s Expedition into the Interior of Africa, quoted in Buckle s Common place 

 Book, p. 466. 



