54G MEDICINE-MEN OF THE APACHE. 



Europe, in the word for flour, &quot;farina,&quot; &quot;farine,&quot; or &quot; harina,&quot; while it is 

 also possible that it may be detected in the ever-to-be-honored name of 

 Farragut. 



In the eight marriage rites described by Baudhayana, the initiatory 

 oblation in the, fourth (that in which the father gives his daughter 

 away) consists of &quot; parched grain.&quot; This rite is one of the four which 

 are lawful for a Brahman. The parched grain to be used would seem 

 to be either sesamum or barley, although this is not clear. VasishMa 

 says, chapter 27, concerning secret penances: &quot; He who . . . uses 

 barley (for his food) becomes pure.&quot; 2 



The pages of Brand 3 are filled with references to various forms of 

 cake which seem properly to be included under this chapter. In Eng 

 land there formerly prevailed the custom of preparing &quot; soul cakes &quot;for 

 distribution among visitors to the family on that day and to bands 

 of waifs or singers, who expected them as a dole for praying and sing 

 ing in the interests of the souls of the dead friends and relatives of the 

 family. On the island of St. Kilda the soul cake was &quot; a large cake in 

 the form of a triangle, furrowed round, and which was to be all eaten 

 that night.&quot; 4 In Lancashire and Hertfordshire the cake was made of 

 oatmeal, but in many other parts it was a &quot; seed cake&quot; 5 and in War 

 wickshire, &quot; at the end of barley and bean seed time, there is a custom 

 there to give the plowmen /raise, a species of thick pancake.&quot; 6 &quot;All- 

 soul cakes&quot; were distributed at time of All Souls Day. 



In England and Scotland the old custom was to have a funeral feast, 

 which all friends and relations were expected to attend. Wine, cur 

 rant cake, meat, and other refreshments, varying according to the for 

 tune of the family, were served liberally. The bread given out was 

 called &quot; arvil-bread.&quot; There is no special reason for believing that 

 this could be called a hoddentin custom, except that the writer himself 

 calls attention to the fact that in the earlier times the bread was in the 

 form of &quot; wafers.&quot; 8 



The Eomans had a college of priests called the &quot; Fratres Arvales,&quot; 

 nine, or, as some say, twelve in number, to whose care were committed 

 the sacrifices in honor of Ceres at the old limits of the city, to propitiate 

 that goddess and induce her to bestow fertility upon the fields. These 



&quot; Var (from the Hebrew word car. J rumentmn) Grain. It iiut only means a particular kind of grain, 

 between wheat and barley, less nourishing than the former, but more so than the latter, according to 

 Vossius; but it means bread corn, grain of any kind. ^Etius gives this application to any kind of 

 frumeutaceous grain, decorticated, cleansed from the husks, and afterwards bruised and dried.&quot; 

 London Medical Dictionary, Bartholomew Parr, M. n., Philadelphia, 1820, article &quot;Far&quot;. 



&quot; Ador &amp;lt;&amp;gt;T Athor was the most sacred wheat, without beard, offered at adoration of gods. In Latin 

 Adorea was a present of such after a victory, and Ad-oro is I adore. from on, I pray to. &quot; Forlong, 

 Rivers of Life. vol. 1, p. 473, footnote, speaking of both Greeks and Romans. 



Sacred Books of the East, edition of Max Miiller, vol.14, pp. 131,205. 



3 Brand, Popular Antiquities, vol. 1, pp. 391 et seq., article Allhallow even.&quot; 



Ibid., p. 3111. 



Ibid., p. 392. 



&quot;Ibid., p. DOS. 



7 Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 237 et seq. 



&quot;Ibid., p. 244. 



