BOURKE.] GALKNA. 549 



mark. The natives would be likely to make n.se of their most sacred 

 powder upon first meeting- with mysterious strangers like Vaca and his 

 companions. So, when the expedition of La Salle reached the. nioutii of 

 the Ohio, in 1680, the Indians are described as fasting and making- 

 superstitious sacrifices; among other things, they marked themselves 

 with &quot;black earth&quot; and with &quot;ground charcoal.&quot; - So daban con 

 Tierra Hegra o Carbon molido. 1 



From an expression in Burton, I am led to suspect that the applica 

 tion of kohl or antimony to the ejes of Arabian beauty is not alto 

 gether for ornament. &quot; There are many kinds of kohl used in medicine 

 and magic.&quot; 2 



Oorbusier says of the Apache- Yuma: &quot;Galena and burnt mescal are 

 used on their faces, the former to denote anger or as war paint, being 

 spread all over the face, except the chin and nose, which are painted 

 red.&quot; 1 



In &amp;lt;!oleman s Mythology of the Hindus, London, 1832, page. It!.&quot;), may 

 be found a brief chapter upon the subject of the sectarial marks of the 

 Hindus. With these we may fairly compare the marks which the 

 Apache, on ceremonial occasions, make upon cheeks and forehead. 

 The adherents of the Hrahminical sects, before entering a temple, must 

 mark themselves upon the forehead with the tiluk. Among the Vish- 

 nuites, this is a longitudinal vermilion line. The Seevites use several 

 parallel lines in saffron. 1 Maurice adds that the Hindus place the tiluk 

 upon their idols in twelve places. 5 &quot;Among the Kaffir the warriors 

 are rendered invulnerable by means of a black cross on their foreheads 

 and black strip5f~on the cheeks, both painted by the Inyanga, or 

 fetich priest.&quot; 6 



A piece of galena weighing 7 pounds was found in a mound near 

 Maples, Illinois. 7 Occasionally with the bones of the dead are noticed 

 small cubes of galena; and in our collection is a ball of this ore, weigh 

 ing a pound and two ounces, which was taken from a mound, and which 

 probably did service, enveloped in raw hide, as some form of weapon. 8 

 Galena was much prized by the former inhabitants of North America. 

 &quot; The frequent occurrence of galena on the altars of the sacrificial 

 mounds proves, at any rate, that the ancient inhabitants attributed a 

 peculiar value to it, deeming it worthy to be ottered as a sacrificial gift.&quot; 9 

 See also Squier and Davis. 10 



1 Rarcia, Ensayo Cronologieo, Madrid, 1723. 



2 Arabian Nights, Burton s edition, vol. 8, p. 10, footnote. 

 _ 3 Americau Antiquarian, September, 1880. p. 281. 



Maurice, Indian Antiquities, London. 1801. vol. 5, pp. 82 and 83. 



Ibid., vol.5, p. 85. 



Schultze, Fetiehism.N. Y.,1885, p. 32. 



Paper by Dr. John G. Henderson on Aboriginal remains near Naples. 111..&quot; Smith. Kepi., 1882. 



J. F. Snyder, Indian retnan.s in Cam County. Illinois!,&quot; Smith. Kepi.. 1881, p. 57f. 



Han, in Sm. Kept., j872, p. 356. 



&quot; &quot; Ancient monuments of the Mississippi Valley. in Smithsonian Contribution*, vol. 1, p. 100. 



