BOURKE.] MEDICINE CORDS. 555 



There are certain cords with medicine bag* attached to be seen in the 

 figures of medicine men in the drawings of the sacred altars given by 

 Matthews in his account of the Navajo medicine-men. 



Gushing also has noted the existence of such cords in Zuiii, and there 

 is no doubt that some at least of the so-called &quot;fishing lines&quot; found in 

 the Itio Verde cliff dwellings in Arizona were used for the same pur 

 poses. 



Describing the tribes met on the Eio Colorado, in 1540-1541, Alarcon 

 says : &quot; Likewise on the brawne of their armes they weare a streit string, 

 which they wind so often about that it beeonmieth as broad as one s 

 hand. &quot; It must be remembered that the Indians thought that Alarcon 

 was a god, that they ottered sacrifice to him, and that they wore all 

 the &quot;medicine &quot;.they possessed. 



In 1680, the Pueblos, under the leadership of Pope, of the pueblo of San 

 Juan, were successful in their attempt to throw oft* the Spanish yoke. 

 He made them believe that he was in league with the spirits, and &quot;that 

 they directed him to make a rope of the palm leaf and tie in it a number 

 of knots to represent the number of days before the rebellion was to 

 take place; that he must send this rope to all the Pueblos in the king 

 dom, when each should signify its approval of. and union with, the con 

 spiracy by untying one of the knots. - 



I suspect that this may have been an izze-kloth. We know nothing 

 about this rebellion excepting what has been derived through Spanish 

 sources; the conquerors despised the natives, and, with a very few 

 notable exceptions among the Franciscans, made no effort to study 

 their peculiarities. The discontent of the natives was aggravated by 

 this fact; they saw their idols pulled down, their ceremonial chambers 

 closed, their dances prohibited, and numbers of their people tried and 

 executed for witchcraft/ 1 Fray G-eronimo de Zarate Salmeron was a 

 striking example of the good to be effected by missionaries who are not 

 above studying their people; he acquired a complete mastery of the 

 language of the pueblo of Jemez, &quot;and preached to the inhabitants in 

 their native tongue.&quot; He is represented as exercising great influence 

 over the people of Jemez, Sia, Santa Ana, and Acoma. In this rebel 

 lion of 1080 the Pueblos expected to be joined by the Apache. 4 



The izze-kloth of the Apache seems to have had its prototype in the 

 sacred string of beans with which Tecumseh s brother, the Shawnee 

 prophet, traveled among the Indian tribes, inciting them to war. Every 

 young warrior who agreed to go upon the warpath touched this &quot;sacred 

 string of beans&quot; in token of his solemn pledge. 5 



Tanner says in the narrative of his captivity among the Ojibwa: &quot;He 

 [the medicine-manj then gave me a small hoop of wood to wear on my 



1 Relation of the Voyage of Don Fernando Alarcon. in Hakluyt s Voyages, vol. :l, p. 508. 



2 Davis, Conquest of New Mexico, p. 288. 

 Davis, iliid., pp. 280, 284, 285. 



4 Ibid., pp. 277, 292. 



6 Catlin, North American Indians. London, 1845. vol. 2, p. 117. 



