Cultivation of Arable Land. Farms Hiring and Stocking of. 40,5 



no uncommon fertility. Rich marfhes were, ofcourfe, excluded in the calcu 

 lation ; and light flock farms were often flocked for 3!. per acre. But thefe 

 matters are now greatly changed ; rents are much increafed ; tithes are com- 

 pounded at a higher payment ; poor rates are cnormoufly rifen ; all forts of 

 implements, comprehended in the article wear and tear, are thirty or forty per cent, 

 dearer; labour in many diflricls doubled ; the prices of cattle and fheep are 

 greatly advanced ; fo that at prefent the fame farm which at that period would 

 have been very well Mocked, and the firfl year s expenfe provided for at the rate of 

 5!. per acre, now demands from 7!. to 81. per acre. In all fuch eflimates it is, he 

 fays, necefTary to fuppofe that every implement brought in is new, that the live 

 flock be good of the fort, and the firft year s expenfes be provided for, though 

 a portion of the crop may come in before the whole payment is made. A 

 man cannot be at his eafe if he does not thus provide; nor will he be able to 

 make that profit by his bufinefs with a fmall capital, which will attend the 

 employment of a larger. By profit he would be underflood to mean a per 

 centage on his capital, which is the only fatisfactory way of eflimating it. If by 

 flocking a farm witr^l. per acre, he makes 7 or 8 per cent, profit; and by flocking, 

 in proportion of 81. pcracre, he makes ten per cent, (and this difference will, her 

 believes, often be found), it mufl be fufficiently apparent that the lofs by the fmaller 

 flock is a ferious evil. It will depend much on fituation and local circumilanccs ; 

 the benefit of procuring manures, or litter to make dung, may in fome places be 

 very great, in others much lefs : but not to be able to profit by every favourable 

 opportunity that may attend the fpot on which a farmer is fixed, muft be highly dif- 

 adrantageous. To irrigate land is an expenfive operation ; but to omit or poflpone 

 it, for want of money for the undertaking, is to lofe perhaps the capital advantage 

 of a farm. Cafes of this fort might be greatly multiplied ; and there is not one 

 that does not call on the farmer for an ample capital.&quot; 



The fame able author juflly remarks, that&quot; of all firms, a warren is hired with 

 the fmalleft capital ; but that there are marfhes in Lincolnfhire flocked at the rate 

 of above 30!. per acre. And the annual expenfe of many hop grounds amounts to 

 30!. and the capital above 6ol.&quot; 



He fuppofes that &quot; if a farmer does not make ten per cent, on his capital, he muft 

 either have a r.d farm or bad management, or the times muft be unfavourable. 

 He ought, he thinks, to make from twelve to fifteen per cent. Some farmers 

 make more, when corn is at a fair price. * 



Befides proper attention being bcflowcd in thefe different refpe&s, the farmer 



