430 Cultivation of Graft Land. Watered Meadows Situations^ Soils, &amp;lt;$&amp;lt;% 



The moft fuitable foils for being watered are thofe that are of a fandy or gravelly 

 friable nature, as the improvement is not only immediate, but the effects more 



Stout Boots. Thcfe fliould have tops to draw halfway up the thighs or more. They fliouhl be formed 

 of flout leather, well greafed with tallow, fo as to rcfift running water for ten or twelve hours ; and 

 fhould be large enough to admit of ftutling them down with hay all round the legs. 

 The Terms employed in the art are thus explained by irrigators : 



Sluice. This differs from a wear limply in rofpel to its having but one thorough ; for if there be more 

 thoroughs it then becomes a Tt ear. It applies in a fin all ft ream in the faroe way as a wear does in a 

 large one. 



Trunk. This is a covered fluice, and is fo conftrucced in all cafes where two dreams of water are to 

 crofs each other at the point of difcharge, or if it is to ferve as a bridge. 



Carriage. A fmall fpecies of wooden or brick aquedu&, built open, for the purpofe of carrying 

 one ftream over another : this is the moft expenfive conveyance belonging to watering. 



Drain Sluice, or Drain Trunk. Such as are placed in the loweft part of the main, as near to the head 

 as a drain can be formed, and fituated low enough to drain the main, &c. It is placed with the mouth 

 at the bottom of the main, being let down into the bank, and from its other end a drain is cut to com 

 municate with fome trench drain that is neareft. It is a contrivance ufed to carry off the leakage 

 through the hatches when they are fhut down, to convey the water to other grounds, or to repair the 

 main, &c. 



Hatches are floodgates, and applied to the fame purpofes : they are, of courfe, varioufly conftrudled. 

 A particular kind, which have about a foot, to take off, fo as to permit the water to flow over that 

 much of the hatch where it appears to be ufeful in irrigation, is a very good fort. 



Head Main.~- This is that part of the principal ditch which takes the water firft out of a river or 

 .ftream., for the purpofe of diftribution through its fmaller ramifications. 



Small Mains. Thefeare the next gradations of ditches applied to diftribution, by means of their com* 

 munication between the head main and trenches. 



Trench. The laft diftribution ditch in watering, continuing todecreafe its di mentions as it fpreads 

 the water over a greater extent of ground. 



Trench Drain. A deep ditch, or drain, which meets the trenches for the purpofe of taking the wa 

 ter away fpeedily after the irrigation is performed. It fliould be cut parallel to the trench, and as 

 deep as the tail drain water will permit, if poffible fo as to reach the ftratum of fand gravel or clay. 

 Its gradations are exactly the reverfe of the trenches, which it meets in the manner of two forks pla 

 ced with their points into each other at regular dillances. Its parts, of courfe, increafe as it receives 

 fucceffive ftreams to be drained off. 



Tail Drain. The principal ditch which conveys the water out of the meadow. It receives that 

 which all other drains difcharge, and fliould confequently lead to the loweft poffible point of difcharge, 

 and the neareft direction which the ground under every circumftance will permit. When ufed as a 

 fence-ditch it anfsvers a double purpofe. 



Pt:/tc. Signifies the part of ground containing the grafs to be mown between the trench and trencli- 

 orain. 



