48C Cultivation of Graft Land. Drinking Ponds Efpetifei of forming. 



being driven down as a guide to work by in forming the banks, and in making the 

 conducting channels and watte- water pools. The materials raifcd from tn&amp;lt; ex 

 cavations muft be taken away or applied according to the circumftancts and 

 fituations of the land ; but wherever the forts of loofe materials are employer), great 

 care fhould be taken to have them well wrought together, in older to give them 

 due folidity. 



The expenfe of forming ponds of this kind muft vary greatly according to the 

 fitiuitions, the nature of the foil, and various other caufes. They are &quot; u (bally made 

 by men who go about for the purpofe, and are chiefly, or entirely, engaged in it, 

 and vvhoufually contract for the job. One of the diameter of im/ feet and depth 

 of fix feet, may in moft fituations be executed for about 15!, ;&quot; and &quot;one of forty- 

 five feet by five feet, for 10 or 12!. ,- but forne allowance muft be made for the dif 

 ferent prices of lime, and the diftances it may be necefEiry to convey it, as well as 

 the clay, or the other materials for the work. A pond cffixty feet diameter by 

 fix feet deep, will contain upwards of 700 hogmeads of water; one of forty-five 

 feet by five feet, near 400 hogfheads a vaft fuppiy, when obtained at fo fmall an 

 expenfe. * 



Mr. Marfhall in his Rural Economy of Yorkfhire, where the fubject is fully 

 confidered, has calculated the expenfe of each fquare yard of coated furfacc to coft 

 from lixpence to fevenpence halfpenny ; which at prefent would probably cofl 

 ninepence ortenpence.* 



* It is remarked in the Agricultural Survey of the North Hiding of Yorkfhire, that the improved 

 practice of conftruc&quot;ting ponds of this fort is capable of fueceedingiti almoft, any fituation in any diftricL 

 The following, which is chiefly drawn from Mr, Marfliall s Roral Economy of York flu re, is the method 

 recommended for executing the bufmefs. 



M Let a circle be marked on the ground fixty feet in diameter, more or left as the perfon choofes, or 

 ihe fiae of the pu&ure may require a fuppiy of wate* j and if of that diameter, let it be hollowed out in 

 the mape of a bafon,or bowl, to the depth of feven feet in the centre. When the furface of this hollow 

 Iras been raked fmooth, let it be well beaten over fo as to reduce it into as even, uniform, and firm a 

 furface as the nature of the ground will admit of; on this, well fallen, fkreened lime muft be uniformly 

 fpread with a riddle, to the thickneis of two or three inches ; the more porous or open the ground, the 

 greater will be the quantity of lime required : this lime muft then be llightly watered, to make it adhere 

 finnly to its place, and great care muft be taken to fpread it equally, fo that noplace remains uncovered, 

 as on the lime depends, more than any thing elfe, the fuccefs of the work. On this lime muft be laid 

 a bed of clay, to the thickncfs of about fix inches, which, being moiftened fufficiently to render it duclile, 

 is to be beaten &quot;-ith mallets or beetles, into a-folid compaft body, capable of. being trod upon without 



