Cultivation of Grafs Land Cow-keeping. Profit of. 495 



Chat requires fewer fervants or attendants than mod others in proportion to the 

 extent of bufinefs ; feldom more than four or five men being employed in the at 

 tendance of three hundred cowst The expenfe of milking is thrown upon the 

 milk-dealer, who contrails for the produce of a certain number of cows. If this 

 was not the cafe, the expenfe to the cow-keeper would be very high, as one woman 

 cannot milk more than eight or nine cows twice in the day. In country fmiations 

 this may, however, not always be the cafe. The cow-houfes in Middlefex are 

 moftly provided with milk-roorns, where the milk is meafured and ferved out by 

 the cow-farmer.* It has been obferved, c&amp;lt; that of the feveral different ways of 

 railing a profit from milch cows, that of felling the milk, where circumftances 

 will allow of its being carried on to a due extent, is by far the moft eligible. In 

 the economy of making butter and cheefe, the trouble and expenfe are daily and 



It is remarked that &quot; the confumers pay three-pence halfpenny per quart to the retailers. If the 

 latter were to fell the milk pure and unadulterated at this price, it would yield thein a profit of 

 641. 14s. per cent. But in order to difcover the aftual profit of the retailers, we muft add fixpence 

 for fhort meafure and the extraneous articles mixed with it, which increafes 2s. 4d., the ufual price 

 of eight quarts, to 2s. 10d.; and, as it cofts them only Is. 5d., there remains for labour and profit 

 100 per cent. : thus the retailer clears 281. 6s. Sd. by every cow.&quot; 



Near Liverpool, Mr. Harper found the average produce of cows, under an induftrious manager, to 

 be nine quarts of milk per day the year through; which is fold at 2d. per quart with the advantage 

 of felling cream, but which, from other milk being brought from the country, is reduced in milk and 

 cream to 2d. per quart. The keep and produce therefore ftand thus : 



Dr. Expenses of one Cow for a Year. Cr. Produce of one Cow for a Year. 



. s. d. . s . d. 



To average keep of a cow in grains, &c. By milk on an average of 9 quarts 



for one year, at 4Si 6d. per week 11 14- per day 3285 quarts, at 2d. per 



To l60ftone of hay, at Sd.per ftone 568 quart , - : - - 27 7 6 

 To grafs 16 weeks, at 3s. 6d. per week 2 16 



Balance * - - . 7 10 JO 



27 76 27 7 6 



In the neighbourhood of Leeds, in Yorkmire, indfperrdant of ftraw or other dry food, they find to 

 maintain a cow for the winter months requires about four pounds worth of brewer s grains, and two 

 pounds worth of grafs for the fummer months : fo that the annual expenfe in thefe kinds of food is fix 

 pounds, and the produce of their cows about fix to eight quarts of milk per day. In other parts the 

 expenfe of keeping is feven pounds per annum, and the produce yields about ten pounds. 



* JMiddlefex Report, 



