Cultivation of Grafs Land.~*Dairy!ng.~MetMa of Keeping the Cows. 5 1 3 



But beiides the milk there is another object to be attended to in forming a cow 

 ftock.which is, that they be fufficiently hardy for the fituation. In this refpecl the 

 long-horned breed is much fuperior to the ihort-horned cattle, from the difference 

 in the thicknefs of their hides; and the Scotch is probably better than either. This 

 breed and the long-horned are therefore the moft proper for bleak, expofed fitua- 

 tions. 



As many of the mixed breeds afford excellent milkers, and in mod of the ge 

 nuine breeds there are great differences in the individuals, it may be the beft mode, 

 in order to eftablifh a good dairy, whether for cheefe or butter, for the farmer to 

 breed from fuch cows, of whatever kind they may be, as he has found from expe 

 rience the bed for the purpofe, without being at the trouble of purchafing the more 

 expenfive breeds. In this cafe good bulls mould always be procured, as much is 

 fuppofed to depend on the male. 



In order to produce abundance of milk, and of a good quality, cows muft at all 

 times have plenty of food. Grafs is the beft food for this purpofe, and that kind 

 of grafs which fprings fpontaneoufly on rich dry foils is the beft of all*. 



In the winter keeping of the cows, there are different methods in ufe : but in 

 the fouthern parts of the ifland they do extremely well in warm fheltered yards, 

 with open fheds, efpecially when plenty of litter, fuch as ftraw, ftubble, fern, or 

 other fimilar materials can be afforded for keeping the whole well bedded. In the 

 northern diftricts, however, and wherever a proper fupply of litter ca nnot be ob 

 tained, it is better to have them tied up in ftalls, with raifed Handings, and funk 

 paved floors immediately behind them for receiving the dung and urine, as by thefc 

 contrivances they may be kept perfectly clean without litter, and at the fame time 

 be more warm, as two cows may be confined in the fame ftall. The ftalls mould 

 be kept conftantly cleaned and well fweeped out. 



In the management of the cows it has been obferved that, &amp;lt;f if the temperature 

 of the climate be fuch as to permit the cows to graze at eafe throughout the day 

 they mould be fuffered to range on fuch paftures at freedom, but if the cows are fo 

 much incommoded by the heat as to be prevented from eating through the day, 

 they ought in that cafe to be taken into cool (beds for protection ; where after 

 allowing them a proper time to ruminate they mould be fupplied with abundance 

 of green food frefh cut for the purpofe, ad given to them frequently, in fmall 

 quantities, frefh and frelh, fo as to induce them to eat it witn pleafure. When the 



* Anderfon in Bath Papers, 



vol. ii. 3 U 



