f)2 Cultivation of Graft Laud. Planting. Apple Trees Dijlanccs, 



though the flavour of thefc be aultere and ungrateful to the palate, the ciders prr- 

 duced from fome of them, when they have been thoroughly ripened, arc often 

 found fmooth and generous. But he would recommend the grafts to be taken 

 from an improved crab, and not from a degenerated apple; for the former will 

 poflefs much of the hardinefs and vigour, whilft the latter will often inherit the 

 debility and difeafes, of the parent tree.*&quot; 



Different methods of planting are adopted in different diftricts, but, according 

 to Mr. Knight, the Herefordfhire planters generally perform the bulincfs in the 

 &quot; quincunx form, or in ftraight lines eroding each other at right ang es. The former 

 method is preferred in the hop-yard and pafture, and the latter in tillage, being lefs 

 inconvenient to the ploughman. But it appears to him, that any given number 

 of trees planted near each other in rows, with wide intervals, would be lefs in 

 jurious, either to pafture or tillage, than in either of the preceding methods. The 

 trees in each row mould, in this cafe, be of the fame variety of fruit, that no 

 one, by pofiefling greater vigour and luxuriance, might overgrow and lhade 

 another, and that the whole row might appear a continuation of the fame tree. 

 The intervals between would afford confiderable fpace for the plough or paf 

 ture; and every tree, having room to extend its branches on each fide, would 

 be more protected than injured by its neighbours, and would attain nearly or 

 quite as large a ftature as if entirely infulated. The cider-maker would alfo be 

 enabled to colled: with convenience each kind by itfelf, and might afterwards mix 

 them according to his judgment or caprice. Unlefs an orchard be very large, not 

 more than five or lix kinds Ihould be planted in it; and if fome of thefe be fuch as 

 bloilbm early, and others late, the planter will have as good a chance of an annual 

 fupply of fruit as a larger number of kinds would afford him. * 



It is conceived, by the fame author, that &quot; the diftance between each row, as 

 well as the fpace between each tree, muft depend on the (ituation and foil. When 

 the former is high and expofed, the trees mould be clofely planted, to afford each 

 other protection ; and, when the latter is poor and (hallow, their growth will of 

 courfe be diminifhed, and they will confequently r&quire Jefs room: but in low 

 and (heltered fituations, and deep rich foils, where the trees are little expofed to 

 winds, and attain a large fize, wider intervals muft be allowed them. In the 

 former inftances, a diftance of twelve yards between each row, and half as muth 



* Knight s Treatifeon the Culture of the Apple ami Pear. 



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