Cultivation of Grafs-Land. Planting-* Apple-Trees Crab-Jtocks. 



\vith moft fuccefs, and at leaft expenfe, in an old hop-plantation ; the ground 

 under this culture being always well tilled and manured, as well as fenced againft all 

 kinds of cattle. Confiderable advantages may he obtained by planting twice the 

 number which are to remain of trees in each row, ufing two kinds of fruit, and 

 putting each alternately. The kinds which fucceeds beft may be left, and the 

 other be removed to the tillage. Trees of a large fize may be tranfplanted with 

 out the leaft danger in the autumn, particularly if the roots be fhortened in the pre 

 ceding winter. The fubfoil of the ground which fuits the hop is not unfrequently 

 too moift for the apple, a defect rarely removed by draining. But where a hop 

 ground is wanting, trees may be raifed in tillage or pafture; but theexpenfe of 

 defending them properly will be confiderable, particularly in the latter, in which 

 though ever fo well defended, they ufually make but a flow progrefs. In tillage- 

 land the leaft expenfive (and perhaps the beft) method of railing apple- trees will 

 be to exclude every fpecies of cattle except fheep and pigs, and to defend the trees 

 only with fmall branches bound round their ftems, as in the broom or befom of 

 the farm-houfe. This fence muft begin clofe to the ground, and rife to a greater 

 height than fheep or pigs, or the chains of the horfes in ploughing, can reach ; 

 and to preferve the bottoms of the ftems from injury by the plough, a ftrong oak 

 ftake mould be driven into the ground on each fide of every tree. The fmall 

 branches which defend the ftems will require to be replaced every other year : but 

 this will be done at a very trifling expenfe.* * In the pafture-method of planting 

 formality of the row may be difpenfed with ; but the trees will fucceed much bet 

 ter if three or five be planted near each other with wide intervals, than if each 

 ftand entirely alone. | 



In regard to the method of removing and planting the crab-flocks or apple- 

 trees, the latter of which is moftly ufed in the field at the time when they firft 



* Knight on the Culture of the Apple and Pear. 



i Mr. Knight obferves, that, in making a plantation in pafture ground, timber-frames will be ne- 

 cofiary. The kind now moft in ufe are made with two flat pofts, placed with their wide furfaces pa 

 rallel to each other, at two feet apart, having boards nailed to their edges on each fide with fmall dif- 

 tances between them. The trees in this way are perfectly protected from cattle ; but when their 

 branches extend themfelves, and become agitated with the wind, the ftems can fcarcely efcape being 

 rubbed againft the frames. A much better kind cf frame is made with three pofts, placed triangu 

 larly round the tree, approaching each other at the roots and diverging confulerably upwards. This 

 appears more expenfive than the ether ; but timber of much inferior value may be ufed,&quot; 



