Live Stock Situations adapted to breeding Cattle. 669 



from fuch cows as are known to have produced not only good milk in a large pro 

 portion to their fize, but to have continued it for a great length of time. Well- 

 fed and vigorous bulls mould likewife be conftantly employed, as by this means the 

 beft and mo ft healthy flock may be raifed. The method of rearing the calves 

 while young has been already defcribed.* 



The breeding and rearing of cattle-dock is a bufinefsthat maybe accompliflied 

 upon moft farms of any extent, but to the greateft advantage on thofe where the 

 quantity of coarfe pa ft u re is the moft confiderable, and where at the fame time 

 there is the means of railing large crops of the green vegetable kind for winter ufe, 

 as in fuch cafes the animals while young are capable of being kept in the beft man 

 ner and at the leaft expenfe. On very fmall farms the rearing of young cattle can 

 feldom anfvver, as the produce in moft inftances may be turned to much more 

 profit in other methods of management. But in whatever fituations the breeding 

 and rearing of cattle ftock is attempted, the young animals mould conftantly be 

 kept in the beft manner the nature of the farm will admit of. This is of much 

 greater confequence than is generally allowed in the railing of good ftock. But 

 where young animals are pinched for food at an early period of their growth, or 

 fed with fuch as is not of a fufficiently good quality, they never thrive fo well after 

 wards, or make fuch good ftock. This is a fact that has been frequently noticed 

 inrefpectto fwinej and it does not feem to be lefs eftablifhed in regard toother 

 forts ef ftock. But, befides good feeding, cleanlinefs is efTential in railing youg 

 ftock to the greateft advantage. It has been well obferved in a late ufeful practical 

 work, that in the winter the yearlings fhould &quot; be fed with hay and roots, either 

 turnips, carrots, or potatoes ; and they mould be thoroughly well fed, and kept 

 perfectly clean by means of litter. At this age it is a matter of great confequence 

 to keep fuch young cattle as well as poflible : for the contrary practice will inevi 

 tably flop their growth* which cannot be recovered by the beft fummer food. If 

 hay is not to be had, good ftraw muft be fubftituted ; but then the roots mould 

 be given in greater plenty, and with more attention. To (leers and heifers two 

 years old, the proper food is hay, if cheap; or ftraw, with baits of turnips, cab 

 bages, &^f&quot; 



Mr. Donaldfon thinks the advantage of green winter food for live ftock fo great,. 



* See Suckling of young Calves, in Seftion on Cultivation of Grafs Land, 

 f young 1 ? Fanner s Calendar. 



