MULTIPLICATION OF THE HUMAN RACE. 489 



different in amount from that undergone by the indus 

 trious. When it is added that a larger physiolo 

 gical expenditure is entailed on the uncivilized than on the 

 civilized by the absence of good appliances for shelter and 

 protection that in some cases they have to make good a 

 greater loss of heat, and in other cases suffer much wear from 

 irritating swarms of insects we shall see that the total cost 

 of self-maintenance among them is probably in many cases 

 little less, and in some cases more, than it is among ourselves. 

 So that though, on the average, the civilized are probably 

 larger than the savage ; and though they are, in their 

 nervous systems at least, somewhat more complex ; and 

 though, other things equal, they ought to be the less 

 prolific ; yet, other things are so unequal, as to make it 

 quite conformable to the general law that they should be 

 more prolific. In 365 we observed how, among inferior 

 animals, higher evolution sometimes makes self-preservation 

 far easier, by opening the way to resources previously un 

 available : so involving an undiminished, or even an in 

 creased, rate of genesis. And similarly we may expect 

 among races of men, that those whose slight further develop 

 ments have been followed by habits and arts that immensely 

 facilitate life, will not exhibit a lower degree of fertility, and 

 may even exhibit a higher. 



369. One more objection has to be met a kindred ob 

 jection to which there is a kindred reply. Ca^es may be 

 named of men conspicuous for activity, bodily and mental, 

 who were also noted, not for less generative power than usual, 

 but for more. As their superiorities indicate higher degrees 

 of evolution, it may be urged that such men should, accord 

 ing to the theory, have lower degrees of reproductive activity. 

 The fact that here, along with increased powers of self-pre 

 servation, there go increased powers of race-propagation, 

 seems irreconcilable with the general doctrine. Reconcilia 

 tion is not difficult however. 



