THE MILITANT TYPE OF SOCIETY. 571 



either warriors or those who supply the needs of warriors, 

 and, other things equal, supremacy will be gained by that in 

 which the efforts of all are most effectually combined. In 

 open warfare joint action triumphs over individual action. 

 Military history is a history of the successes of men trained 

 to move and light in concert. 



Not only must there be in the fighting part a combination 

 such that the powers of its units may be concentrated, but 

 there must be a combination of the subservient part with it. 

 If the two are so separated that tliQy can act independently, 

 the needs of the fighting part will not be adequately met. If 

 to be cut off from a temporary base of operations is danger 

 ous, still more dangerous is it to be cut off from the per 

 manent base of operations ; namely, that constituted by the 

 body of non-combatants. This has to be so connected with the 

 body of combatants that its services may be fully available. Evi 

 dently, therefore, development of the militant type involves a 

 close binding of the society into a whole. As the loose group 

 of savages yields to the solid phalanx, so, other things equal, 

 must the society of which the parts are but feebly held 

 together, yield to one in which they are held together by 

 strong bonds. 



551. But in proportion as men are compelled to co 

 operate, their self-prompted actions are restrained. By as 

 much as the unit becomes merged in the mass, by so much 

 does he lose his individuality as a unit. And this leads us 

 to note the several ways in which evolution of the militant 

 type entails subordination of the citizen. 



His life is not his own, but is at the disposal of his society. 

 So long as he remains capable of bearing arms he has no 

 alternative but to fight when called on ; and, where militancy 

 is extreme, he cannot return as a vanquished man under 

 penalty of death. 



Of course, with this there goes possession of such liberty 

 only as military obligations allow. He is free to pursue his 



