576 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



A kindred effect is shown in the entailed restraints on 

 movement from place to place. In proportion as the indi 

 vidual is subordinated in life, liberty, and property, to his 

 society, it is needful that his whereabouts shall be constantly 

 known. Obviously the relation of the soldier to his officer, 

 and of this officer to his superior, is such that each must bo 

 ever at hand ; and where the militant type is fully developed 

 the like holds throughout the society. The slave cannot 

 leave his appointed abode ; the serf is tied to his allotment ; 

 the master is not allowed to absent himself from his locality 

 without leave. 



So that the corporate action, the combination, the cohesion, 

 the regimentation, which efficient militancy necessitates, 

 imply a structure which strongly resists change. 



556. A further trait of the militant type, naturally 

 accompanying the last, is that organizations other than those 

 forming parts of the State-organization, are wholly or par 

 tially Depressed. The public combination occupying all fields, 

 excludes private combinations. 



For the achievement of complete corporate action there 

 must, as we have seen, be a centralized administration, not 

 only throughout the combatant part but throughout the non- 

 combatant part ; and if there exist unions of citizens which 

 act independently, they in so far diminish the range of this 

 centralized administration. Any structures which are not 

 portions of the State-structure, serve more or less as limita 

 tions to it, and stand in the way of the required unlimited 

 subordination. If private combinations are allowed to exist, 

 it will be on condition of submitting to an official regulation 

 such as greatly restrains independent action ; and since 

 private combinations officially regulated are inevitably hin 

 dered from doing things not conforming to established 

 routine, and are thus debarred from improvement, they cannot 

 habitually thrive and grow. Obviously, indeed, such com 

 binations, based on the principle of voluntary cooperation, 



