586 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



Yncas, whose subjects were remote in blood from these, the 

 ancient Egyptian empire peopled by yet other races, the 

 community of the Spartans, again unlike in the type of its 

 men, and the existing Eussian nation made up of Slavs and 

 Tatars, we have before us cases in which such similarities of 

 social structure as exist, cannot be ascribed to inheritance ct 

 a common character by the social units. The immense 

 contrasts between the populations of these several societies, 

 too, varying from millions at the one extreme to thousands at 

 the other, negative the supposition that their common struc 

 tural traits are consequent on size. Nor can it be supposed 

 that likenesses of conditions in respect of climate, surface, 

 soil, flora, fauna, or likenesses of habits caused by such con 

 ditions, can have had anything to do with the likenesses of 

 organization in these societies ; for their respective habitats 

 present numerous marked unlikenesses. Such traits as they 

 one and all exhibit, not ascribable to any other cause, must 

 thus be ascribed to the habitual militancy characteristic of 

 them all. The results of induction alone would go far to 

 warrant this ascription ; and it is fully warranted by their 

 correspondence with the results of deduction, as set forth 

 above. 



559. Any remaining doubts must disappear on observing 

 how continued militancy is followed by further development 

 of the militant organization. Three illustrations will suffice. 



When, during Eoman conquests, the tendency for the snc- 

 cessrul general to become despot, repeatedly displayed, finally 

 took effect when the title imperator, military in its primary 

 meaning, became the title for the civil ruler, showing us on a 

 higher platform that genesis of political headship out of mili 

 tary headship visible from the beginning when, as usually 

 happens, an increasingly divine character was acquired by 

 the civil ruler, as shown in the assumption of the sacred 

 name Augustus, as well as in the growth of an actual worship 

 of him ; there simultaneously became more pronounced those 



