THE MILITANT TYPE OF SOCIETY. 597 



fight without it ; yet it is obvious that such a belief conduces 

 greatly to success in war ; and that entire absence of it is so 

 unfavourable to offensive and defensive action that failure 

 and subjugation will, other things equal, be likely to result. 

 Hence the sentiment of patriotism is habitually established . 

 by the survival of societies the members of which are most 

 characterized by it. 



With this has to be united the sentiment of obedience. The 

 possibility of that united action by which, other things equal, 

 war is made successful, depends on the readiness of indivi 

 duals to subordinate their wills to the will of a commander 

 or ruler. Loyalty is essential. In early stages the manifes 

 tation of it is but temporary ; as among the Araucanians who, 

 ordinarily showing themselves &quot; repugnant to all subordina 

 tion, are then [when war is impending] prompt to obey, and 

 submissive to the will of their military sovereign &quot; appointed 

 for the occasion. And with development of the militant type 

 this sentiment becomes permanent. Erskine tells us that the 

 Fijians are intensely loyal : men buried alive in the founda 

 tions of a king s house, considered themselves honoured by 

 being so sacrificed ; and the people of a slave district &quot; said it 

 was their duty to become food and sacrifice for the chiefs.&quot; So 

 in Dahomey, there is felt for the king &quot; a mixture of love 

 and fear, little short of . adoration.&quot; In ancient Egypt again, 

 where &quot; blind obedience was the oil which caused the harmo 

 nious working of the machinery &quot; of social life, the monu 

 ments on every side show with wearisome iteration the daily 

 acts of subordination of slaves and others to the dead man, 

 of captives to the king, of the king to the gods. Though for 

 reasons already pointed out, chronic war did not generate in 

 Spaita a supreme political head, to whom there could be 

 shown implicit obedience, yet the obedience shown to the 

 political agency which grew up was profound : individual 

 wills were in all things subordinate to the public will ex 

 pressed by the established authorities. Primitive Rome, too, 

 though without a divinely-descended king to whom submis- 



