CHAPTER XYIIL 



THE INDUSTRIAL TYPE OF SOCIETY. 



562. Having nearly always to defend themselves against 

 external enemies, while they have to carry on internally the 

 processes of sustentation, societies, as remarked in the last 

 chapter, habitually present us with mixtures of the structures 

 adapted to these diverse ends. Disentanglement is not easy. 

 According as either structure predominates it ramifies through 

 the other : instance the fact that where the militant type is 

 much developed, the worker, ordinarily a slave, is no more 

 free than the soldier; while, where the industrial type is 

 much developed, the soldier, volunteering on specified terms, 

 acquires in so far the position of a free worker. In the one 

 case the system of status, proper to the fighting part, pervades 

 the working part ; while in the other the system of contract, 

 proper to the working part, affects the fighting part. Especi 

 ally does the organization adapted for war obscure that 

 adapted for industry. While, as we have seen, the militant 

 type as theoretically constructed, is so far displayed in many 

 societies as to leave no doubt about its essential nature, the 

 industrial type has its traits so hidden by those of the still- 

 dominant militant type, that its nature is nowhere more than 

 very partially exemplified. Saying thus much to exclude 

 expectations which cannot be fulfilled, it will be well also to 

 exclude certain probable misconceptions. 



In the first place, industrialism must not be confounded 

 with industriousness. Though the members of an industrially- 

 organized society are habitually industrious, and are, indeed, 



