604: POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



when the society is a developed one, obliged to be so ; yet it 

 must not be assumed that the industrially-organized society 

 is one in which, of necessity, much work is done. Where 

 the society is small, and its habitat so favourable that life 

 may be comfortably maintained with but little exertion, the 

 social relations which characterize the industrial type may co 

 exist with but very moderate productive activities. It is 

 not the diligence of its members which constitutes the 

 society an industrial one in the sense here intended, but the 

 form of cooperation under which their labours, small or great 

 in amount, are carried on. This distinction will be best under 

 stood on observing that, conversely, there may be, and often 

 is, great industry in societies framed on the militant type. 

 In ancient Egypt there was an immense labouring population 

 and a large supply of commodities, numerous in their kinds, 

 produced by it. Still more did ancient Peru exhibit a vast 

 community purely militant in its structure, the members of 

 which worked unceasingly. We are here concerned, then, not 

 with the quantity of labour but with the mode of organi 

 zation of the labourers. A regiment of soldiers can be set 

 to construct earth-works; another to cut down wood; another 

 to bring in water ; but they are not thereby reduced for the 

 time being to an industrial society. The united individuals 

 do these several things under command ; and having no 

 private claims to the products, are, though industrially oc 

 cupied, not industrially organized. And the same holds 

 throughout the militant society as a whole, in proportion as 

 the regimentation of it approaches completeness. 



The industrial type of society, properly so called, must 

 also be distinguished from a type very likely to be con 

 founded with it the type, namely, in which the component 

 individuals, while exclusively occupied in production and 

 distribution, are under a regulation such as that advocated 

 by socialists and communists. For this, too, involves in 

 another form the principle of compulsory cooperation. 

 3)irectly or indirectly, individuals are to be prevented from 



