THE INDUSTRIAL TYPE OF SOCIETY. 607 



of the society is by implication achieved. Comparatively 

 little corporate activity is now required. Each man may 

 maintain hi?nself by labour, may exchange his products for 

 the products of others, may give aid and receive payment, 

 may enter into this or that combination for carrying on an 

 undertaking, small or great, without the direction of the 

 society as a whole. The lemaining end to be achieved by 

 public action is to keep private actions within due bounds ; 

 and the amount of public action needed for this becomes 

 small in proportion as private actions become duly self- 

 bounded. 



So that whereas in the militant type the demand for cor 

 porate action is intrinsic, such demand for corporate action 

 as continues in the industrial type is mainly extrinsic is 

 called for by those aggressive traits of human nature which 

 chronic warfare has fostered, and may gradually diminish as, 

 under enduring peaceful life, these decrease. 



564. In a society organized for militant action, the indi 

 viduality of each member has to be so subordinated in life, 

 liberty, and property, that he is largely, or completely, owned 

 by the State ; but in a society industrially organized, no such 

 subordination of the individual is called for. There remain 

 no occasions on which he is required to risk his life 

 while destroying the lives of others ; he is not forced to 

 leave his occupation and submit to a commanding officer; 

 and it ceases to be needful that he should surrender for public 

 purposes whatever property is demanded of him. 



Under the industrial regime the citizen s individuality, 

 instead of being sacrificed by the society, has to be defended 

 by the society. Defence of his individuality becomes the 

 society s essential duty. That after external protection is no 

 longer called for, internal protection must become the cardinal 

 function of the State, and that effectual discharge of this 

 function must be a predominant trait of the industrial type, 

 may be readily shown. 



