612 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



is negatively regulative only. To the slave, to the soldier, or 

 to other member of a community organized for war, authority 

 sa ys &quot; Thou shalt do this ; thou shalt not do that.&quot; But to 

 the member of the industrial community, authority gives 

 only one of these orders &quot; Thou shalt not do that.&quot; 



For people who, carrying on their private transactions by 

 voluntary cooperation, also voluntarily cooperate to form and 

 support a governmental agency, are, by implication, people 

 who authorize it to impose on their respective activities, only 

 those restraints which they are all interested in maintaining 

 the restraints which check aggressions. Omitting criminals 

 (who under the assumed conditions must be very few, if not 

 a vanishing quantity), each citizen will wish to preserve unin- 

 vaded his sphere of action, while not invading others spheres, 

 and to retain whatever benefits are achieved within it. The 

 very motive which prompts all to unite in upholding a public 

 protector of their individualities, will also prompt them to 

 unite in preventing any interference with their individuali 

 ties beyond that required for this end. 



Hence it follows that while, in the militant type, regi 

 mentation in the army is paralleled by centralized adminis 

 tration throughout the society at large ; in the industrial type, 

 administration, becoming decentralized, is at the same time 

 narroAved in its range. Nearly all public organizations save 

 that for administering justice, necessarily disappear; since 

 they have the common character that they either aggress on 

 the citizen by dictating his actions, or by taking from him 

 more property than is needful for protecting him, or by both. 

 Those who are forced to send their children to this or that 

 school, those who have, directly or indirectly, to help in sup 

 porting a State priesthood, those from whom rates are demanded 

 that parish officers may administer public charity, those who 

 are taxed to provide gratis reading for people who will not 

 save money for library subscriptions, those whose businesses 

 aie carried on under regulation by inspectors, those who have 

 to pay the costs of State science-and-art-teaching, State 



