THE INDUSTRIAL TYPE OF SOCIETY. 613 



emigration, &c., all have their individualities trenched upon, 

 either by compelling them to do what they would not spon 

 taneously do, or by taking away money which else would have 

 furthered their private ends. Coercive arrangements of such 

 kinds, consistent with the militant type, are inconsistent with 

 the industrial type. 



570. With the relatively narrow range of public organi 

 zations, there goes, in the industrial type, a relatively wide 

 range of private organizations. The spheres left vacant by the 

 one are filled by the other. 



Several influences conspire to produce this trait. Those 

 motives which, in the absence of that subordination necessi 

 tated by war, make citizens unite in asserting their indi 

 vidualities subject only to mutual limitations, are motives 

 which make them unite in resisting any interference with 

 their freedom to form such private combinations as do not 

 involve aggression. Moreover, beginning with exchanges of 

 goods and services under agreements between individuals, the 

 principle of voluntary cooperation is simply carried out in a 

 larger way by individuals who, incorporating themselves, 

 contract with one another for jointly pursuing this or that 

 business or function. And yet again, there is entire con- 

 gruity between the representative constitutions of such private 

 combinations, and that representative constitution of the 

 public combination which we see is proper to the industrial 

 type. The same law of organization pervades the society in 

 general and in detail. So that an inevitable trait of the 

 industrial type is the multiplicity and heterogeneity of asso 

 ciations, political, religious, commercial, professional, philan 

 thropic, and social, of all sizes. 



571. Two indirectly resulting traits of the industrial type 

 must bo added. The first is its relative plasticity. 



So long as corporate action is necessitated for national self- 

 preservation so long as, to effect combined defence or offence, 





