THE INDUSTRIAL TYPE OF SOCIETY. 637 



Mr. Pike in his work on that subject, &quot; the close connexion 

 between the military spirit and those actions which are now 

 legally denned to be crimes, has been pointed out, again and 

 again, in the course of this history.&quot; If we compare a past 

 age in which the effects of hostile activities had been less 

 qualified by the effects of peaceful activities than they are in 

 oar own age, we see a marked contrast in respect of the 

 numbers and kinds of offences against person and property. 

 We have no longer any English buccaneers ; wreckers have 

 ceased to be heard of; and travellers do not now prepare 

 themselves to meet highwaymen. Moreover, that flagitious- 

 ness of the governing agencies themselves, which was shown 

 by the venality of ministers and members of Parliament, and 

 by the corrupt administration of justice, has disappeared. 

 With decreasing amount; of crime has come increasing repro 

 bation of crime. Biographies of pirate captains, suffused 

 frith admiration of their courage, no longer find a place in 

 our literature ; and the sneaking kindness for &quot; gentlemen of 

 the road,&quot; is, in our days, but rarelv displayed. Many as are 

 the transgressions which our journals report, they have greatly 

 diminished ; and though in trading transactions there is much 

 dishonesty (chiefly of the indirect sort) it needs but to read 

 Defoe s English Tradesman, to see how marked has been the 

 improvement since his time. Nor must we forget that the 

 change of character which has brought a decrease of unjust 

 actions, has brought an increase of beneficent actions ; as seen 

 in paying for slave-emancipation, in nursing the wounded 

 soldiers of our fighting neighbours, in philanthropic efforts of 

 countless kinds. 



575. As with the militant type then, so with the indus 

 trial type, three lines of evidence converge to show us its 

 essential nature. Let us set down briefly the several results, 

 that we may observe the correspondences among them. 



On considering what must be the traits of a society 

 organized exclusively for carrying on internal activities, so as 



