POLITICAL RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT. 659 



inferred as characterizing the developed industrial type, may 

 also be otherwise inferred. 



For this limitation of State-functions is one outcome of 

 that process of specialization of functions which accompanies 

 organic and super-organic evolution at large. Be it in an 

 animal or be it in a society, the progress of organization is 

 constantly shown by the multiplication of particular e^ruc- 

 tures adapted to particular ends. Everywhere we see the 

 law to be that a part which originally served several pur 

 poses and achieved none of them well, becomes divided into 

 parts each of which performs one of the purposes, and, 

 acquiring specially-adapted structures, performs it better. 

 Throughout the foregoing chapters we have seen this truth 

 variously illustrated by the evolution of the governmental 

 organization itself. It remains here to point out that it is 

 further illustrated in a larger way, by the division which has 

 arisen, and will grow ever more decided, between the func 

 tions of the governmental organization as a whole, and the 

 functions of the other organizations which the society in 

 cludes. 



Already we have seen that in the militant type, political 

 control extends over all parts of the lives of the citizens. 

 Already we have seen that as industrial development brings 

 the associated political changes, the range of this control 

 decreases : ways of living are no longer dictated ; dress ceases 

 to be prescribed ; the rules of class-subordination lose their 

 peremptoriness ; religious beliefs and observances are not 

 insisted upon ; modes of cultivating the land and carrying on 

 manufactures are no longer fixed by law ; and the exchange 

 of commodities, both within the community and with other 

 communities, becomes gradually unshackled. That is to 

 say, as industrialism has progressed, the State has re 

 treated from the greater part of those regulative actions it 

 once undertook. This change has gone along with an in 

 creasing opposition of citizens to these various kinds of con 

 trol, and a decreasing tendency on the part of the State to 

 101 



