660 POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



exercise them. Unless we assume that the end has now been 

 reached, the implication is that with future progress of in 

 dustrialism, these correlative changes will continue. Citizens 

 will carry still further their resistance to State-dictation ; 

 while the tendency to State-dictation will diminish. Though 

 recently, along with re-invigoration of militancy, there have 

 gone extensions of governmental interference, yet this is in- 

 terpretable as a temporary wave of reaction. We may expect 

 that with the ending of the present retrograde movement and 

 resumption of unchecked industrial development, that in 

 creasing restriction of State-functions which has unquestion 

 ably gone on during the later stages of civilization, will be 

 resumed ; and, for anything that appears to the contrary, 

 will continue until there is reached the limit above indi 

 cated. 



Along with this progressing limitation of political functions, 

 has gone increasing adaptation of political agencies to the 

 protecting function, and better discharge of it. During 

 unqualified militancy, while the preservation of the society as 

 a whole against other societies was the dominant need, the 

 preservation of the individuals forming the society from 

 destruction or injury by one another, was little cared for ; and 

 in so far as it was cared for, was cared for mainly out of re 

 gard for the strength of the whole society, and its efficiency 

 for war. But those same changes which have cut off so 

 many political functions at that time exercised, have greatly 

 developed this essential and permanent political function. 

 There has been a growing efficiency of the organization for 

 guarding life and property ; due to an increasing demand on 

 the part of citizens that their safety shall be insured, and an 

 increasing readiness on the part of the State to respond. 

 Evidently our own time, with its extended arrangements 

 for administering justice, and its growing wish for codifi 

 cation of the law, exhibits a progress in this direction ; which 

 will end only when the State undertakes to administer 

 civil justice to the citizen free of cost, as it now undertakes, 



