THE RELIGIOUS IDEA. 677 



time among the Waraus (Guiana Indians) to gain magical 

 power a man takes infusion of tobacco, &quot; and, in the death 

 like state of sickness to which it reduces him, his spirit is 

 supposed to leave the body, and to visit and receive power 

 from the yauhahu . . . the dreaded beings under whose 

 influence he is believed to remain ever after.&quot; 



From the ordinary absence of the other-self in sleep and 

 its extraordinary absences in swoon, apoplexy, etc., the 

 transition is to its unlimited absence at death ; when, after 

 an interval of waiting, the expectation of immediate return is 

 given up. Still, the belief is that, deaf to entreaties though 

 the other-self has become, it either does from time to time 

 return, or will eventually return. Commonly, the spirit 

 is supposed to linger near the body or revisit it; as by 

 the Iroquois, or by the Chinooks, who &quot; speak of the dead 

 walking at night, when they are supposed to awake, and get 

 up to search for food.&quot; Long surviving among superior races, 

 in the alleged nightly wanderings of de-materialized ghosts, 

 this belief survives in its original crude form in the vampyre 

 stories current in some places. 



One sequence of the primitive belief in the materiality of 

 the double, is the ministering to such desires as were mani 

 fest during life. Hence the shell with &quot;some of her own 

 milk beside the grave &quot; of an infant, which an Andamanese 

 mother leaves ; hence the &quot; food and oblations to the dead &quot; 

 by the Chippewas, etc. ; hence the leaving with the corpse 

 all needful implements, as by the Chinooks; hence the 

 &quot;fire kept burning there [the grave] for many weeks,&quot; as 

 among the Waraus ; hence the immolation of wives and 

 slaves with the chief, as still, according to Cameron, at Urua 

 in Central Africa. Hence, in short, the universality among 

 the uncivilized and semi-civilized of these funeral rites im 

 plying belief that the ghost has the same sensations and 

 emotions as the living man. Originally this belief is enter 

 tained literally ; as by the Zulus, who in a case named said, 

 * the Ancestral spirits came and eat up all the meat, and 



