690 ECCLESIASTICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



given, a final re-inforcement, let me here, however, instead 

 of taking separately each leading religious conception as 

 similarly exhibited by different peoples, take the whola 

 series of them as exhibited by the same people. 



That belief in the reality of dream-scenes and dream- 

 persons, which, as we before saw ( 530), the Egyptians had 

 in common with primitive peoples at large, went along with 

 the belief, also commonly associated with it, that shadows 

 are entities. A man s shadow was &quot; considered an important 

 part of his personality ; &quot; and the Book of the Dead treats 

 it &quot; as something substantial.&quot; Again, a man s other-self, 

 called his lea, accompanied him while alive; and we see 

 &quot; the Egyptian king frequently sculptured in the act of 

 propitiating his own Jca&quot; as the Karen does at the present 

 day. &quot; The disembodied personality &quot; had &quot; a material form 

 and substance. The soul had a body of its own, and could 

 eat and drink. * But, as partially implied by this statement, 

 each man was supposed to have personalities of a less 

 material kind. After death &quot; the soul, though bound to the 

 body, was at liberty to leave the grave and return to it during 

 the daytime in any form it chose;&quot; and a papyrus tells 

 of mummies who &quot; converse in their catacomb about certain 

 circumstances of their past life upon earth.&quot; Having desires, 

 the Jca must be ministered to;, and, as M. Maspero says, &quot; lo 

 double des pains, des liquicles, de la viancle, passait dan 3 

 1 autre monde et y nourrissait le Double de I homme.&quot; 

 Along with this belief that the bodily desires and satisfac 

 tions continued in the second life, there naturally went a 

 conception of the second life as substantially like the first ; 

 as is shown by the elaborate delineations of it contained in 

 ancient tombs, such as the tomb of Ti. 



Along with ministrations to the appetites of the sup 

 posed material or semi-material dead, resulting from these 

 beliefs, there went ministrations to desires of other kinds, 

 In the richly-adorned sepulchral chamber of king Mycerinus s 

 daughter, there was a daily burning of incense; and at night 



