706 ECCLESIASTICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



Tasmanians. Moreover, in many other instances, those who 

 are called priests among uncivilized peoples, do little else than 

 practise sorcery under one or other form. The paje or priest 

 of the Mundurucus &quot; fixes upon the time most propitious for 

 attacking the enemy ; exorcises evil spirits, and professes to 

 cure the sick ; &quot; and the like is the case with the Uaupes. 

 In various tribes of North America, as the Clallums, 

 Chippewayans, Crees, the priests actions are simply those of 

 a conjuror, 



How shall we understand this confusion of the two func 

 tions, and the early predominance of that necromantic function 

 which eventually becomes so subordinate ? 



590. If we remember that in primitive thought the 

 other world repeats this world, to the extent that its 

 ghostly inhabitants lead similar lives, stand in like social 

 relations, and are moved by the same passions ; we shall 

 see that the various ways of dealing with ghosts, adopted 

 by medicine-men and priests, are analogous to the various 

 ways men adopt of dealing with one another ; and that in 

 both cases the ways change according to circumstances. 



See how each member of a savage tribe stands towards 

 other savages. There are first the members of adjacent tribes, 

 chronically hostile, and ever on the watch to injure him and 

 his fellows. Among those of his own tribe there are parents 

 and near relatives from whom, in most cases, he looks for 

 benefit and aid ; and towards whom his conduct is in the 

 main amicable, though occasionally antagonistic. Of the 

 rest, there are some inferior to himself over whom he 

 habitually domineers ; there are others proved by experience 

 to be stronger and more cunning, of whom he habitually 

 stands in fear, and to whom his behaviour is propitiatory ; 

 and there are many whose inferiority or superiority is so far 

 undecided, that he deals with them now in one way and now 

 in another as the occasion prompts changing from bullying 

 l/o submission or from submission to bullying, as he finds one 



