MEDICINE-MEN AND PRIESTS. 711 



belief the doubles of the dead, like their originals in all 

 things, admit of being similarly dealt with, and may there 

 fore be induced to yield benefits or desist from inflicting 

 evils, by bribing them, praising them, asking their forgive 

 ness, or by deceiving and cajoling them, or by threatening, 

 frightening, or coercing them ; we see that the modes of 

 dealing with ghosts, broadly contrasted as antagonistic and 

 sympathetic, initiate the distinction between medicine-man 

 and priest. 



It is needless here to follow out the relatively unimportant 

 social developments which originate from the medicine-man. 

 Noting, as we have done, that he occasionally grows poli 

 tically powerful, and sometimes becomes the object of a cult 

 after his death, it will suffice if we note further, that during 

 civilization he has varieties of decreasingly-conspicuous 

 descendants, who, under one or other name, using one or 

 other method, are supposed to have supernatural power or 

 knowledge. Scattered samples of them still survive under 

 the forms of wise women and the like, in our rural districts. 



But the other class of those who are concerned with the 

 supernatural, becoming, as it does, conspicuous and powerful, 

 and acquiring as society develops an organization often very 

 elaborate, and a dominance sometimes supreme, must be dealt 

 with at length. 



