THE RULER AS PRIEST. 723 



Again of the ancient Peruvians we read that 

 &quot;If the estates of the King were not sufficient to provide for the 

 excessive cost of a war, then those of the Sun were made available, 

 which the Ynca considered to be his, as the legitimate child and heir 

 of the Deity.&quot; 



If from the primitive belief that the double of the dead man 

 will presently return and resume his life, there results the 

 conception that the son who holds his property and ministers 

 to him from its proceeds is but a deputy, then this fusion of 

 the sacred with the secular is a corollary. When we read of 

 the New Caledonians that in Tokelau, while &quot; the king, Tui 

 Tokelau, is high priest as well,&quot; &quot;their great god is called 

 Tui Tokelau, or king of Tokelau,&quot; we have a typical instance 

 of the union which results from this supposed vicegerency. 



603. While the growth of the family into the cluster of 

 families, ending in the formation of the village-community, 

 which often includes affiliated strangers, involves that the 

 patriarch ceases to have the three-fold character of domestic, 

 political, and ecclesiastical head, his character remains two 

 fold : he habitually retains, as in the case just named, the 

 functions of ruler and priest. This connexion of offices we 

 everywhere find in early stages of social evolution ; and we 

 observe it continuing through later stages. 



In Tanna, &quot; the chief acts as high-priest ; &quot; and the like is 

 true in other islands of the group. The kings of Mangaia 

 &quot; were te ara pia o Eongo i.e., the mouth-pieces, or priests, 

 of Kongo. &quot; Among the New Zealanders &quot;the offices of 

 chief and priest were generally united and hereditary.&quot; &quot; The 

 king of Madagascar ... is high-priest of the realm.&quot; In 

 the Sandwich Islands the king &quot; uttered the responses of the 

 oracle, from his concealment in a frame of wicker-work.&quot; Of 

 Humphrey s Island we read that the king &quot; was high priest 

 as well.&quot; Similarly with rude peoples in America. &quot; The 

 Pueblo chiefs seem to be at the same time priests,&quot; says 

 Bancroft; and we learn the like from Eoss concerning the 

 Chinooks, and from Hutchison concerning the Bolivian 

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